Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil.
Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Lagoa Federal Hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro 22470-050, RJ, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2024 May 29;16(11):1671. doi: 10.3390/nu16111671.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition with growing worldwide prevalence. Besides genetic factors, a sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, and inadequate eating habits, characterized by an excess intake of refined carbohydrates and ultra-processed foods, are contributing factors for the development of the disease. In this scenario, promoting a plant-based diet, and limiting animal product consumption while increasing the intake of vegetables, concurrently with healthy lifestyle habits, is a promising strategy to prevent T2DM. This scoping review, carried out between 2017 and 2022, aimed to gather evidence substantiating the benefits of a plant-based diet in T2DM prevention, considering different eating patterns, such as vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean, and DASH diets. Several studies demonstrate a significant reduction in T2DM incidence among individuals adopting plant-based eating patterns or emphasizing healthy plant-based food alongside decreased intake or exclusion of animal-based foods. There are still no robust data regarding plant-based diets and the prevention of diabetes without loss in body weight. Hence, prospective studies in plant-based diets with weight control are needed. Nevertheless, adopting plant-based diets appears to induce significant weight loss, which is crucial in an obesity-endemic context. Thus, embracing plant-based diets, along with healthy habits, emerges as a relevant strategy in obesity and T2DM prevention.
2 型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种全球性发病率不断上升的慢性疾病。除了遗传因素外， sedentary lifestyle、超重和不良饮食习惯，其特点是精制碳水化合物和超加工食品摄入过多，也是导致该疾病发生的因素。在这种情况下，提倡植物性饮食，限制动物产品的摄入，同时增加蔬菜的摄入量，同时养成健康的生活习惯，是预防 T2DM 的一种很有前景的策略。本 scoping review 于 2017 年至 2022 年期间进行，旨在收集证据，证明植物性饮食在预防 T2DM 方面的益处，同时考虑不同的饮食模式，如素食、纯素、地中海和 DASH 饮食。多项研究表明，采用植物性饮食模式或强调健康的植物性食物，同时减少或不摄入动物性食物的个体，T2DM 的发病率显著降低。关于植物性饮食在不减轻体重的情况下预防糖尿病，目前还没有强有力的数据。因此，需要进行植物性饮食与体重控制的前瞻性研究。然而，采用植物性饮食似乎会导致显著的体重减轻，而在肥胖流行的情况下，这是至关重要的。因此，采用植物性饮食和健康的生活习惯，是预防肥胖和 T2DM 的重要策略。
