A Study Evaluating the Functional Outcomes of Mason Type III and IV Radial Head Fractures Treated With a Radial Head Prosthesis.

Objective This research aimed to assess the functional result of type III and IV radial head fractures that were treated using a radial head prosthesis. Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted on 70 patients with type III and IV radial head and neck fractures, as classified by Mason. The patients were hospitalized and received treatment at the Orthopaedics Department, where they had radial head prosthesis surgery for three years. Results Among the total of 70 cases, 42 (60%) cases were below the age of 40, while 28 (47%) cases were over 40 years. The average age was 36.4 years. The maximum age recorded was 54 years, while the lowest age recorded was 30 years. The female population outnumbered the male population. The majority of instances (42, 60%) were attributed to falls, while the remaining cases were caused by road traffic accidents (RTAs). Out of the total 70 instances, 52 cases (74.28%) exhibited right-side dominance, whereas 18 cases (25.72%) exhibited left-side dominance. Within our case study group, 56 (80%) cases fell under modified Mason's classification type Ill, totaling 56 instances. The remaining 20% of the cases, amounting to 11 cases, were classified as modified Mason's classification type IV. Among the 70 patients, 55 cases (78.58%) did not have any ligamentous damage, whereas seven (10%) cases had lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) injury and eight (11%) cases had medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury. The P value for flexion, extension, pronation, and supination was shown to be very significant. Out of the total, 47 (67%) instances had an MEPI score (Mayo Elbow Performance Index) of more than 90, indicating exceptional performance. In addition, 16 cases (22.85%) had an MEPI score ranging from 75 to 89, which is considered a good result. Lastly, seven cases (10%) had an MEPI score ranging from 60 to 74, indicating a fair result. Conclusion The use of a radial head prosthesis is considered a viable option for managing severe and irreparable fractures of the radial head. Effective outcomes hinge on meticulous preoperative planning, skilled intraoperative techniques, and intensive postoperative rehabilitation. These elements collectively contribute to achieving consistent and favorable results in patients undergoing this surgical intervention.