Bouaid Abderrahim, Iliuta Gabriel, Marchetti Jorge Mario
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Faculty of Science and Technology, Realtek, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432, Ås, Norway.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 24;10(17):e36756. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36756. eCollection 2024 Sep 15.
Biodiesel despite its positive advantages when using it as a fuel in replacement of diesel, suffers a major drawback in the cold flow properties (CFP). During winters, plugging of the filters as well as crystallization of the fatty acid are two of the leading problems that makes the fuel to not reach injectors and the combustion chamber and therefore the engine does not start. Cold flow properties of waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOB) through the reduction of cloud point (CP), pour point (PP) and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) where investigated in this work. The effectiveness of an approaches using the combination of two techniques, controlled winterization and addition of fatty acids 2-ethylhexyl esters (FAEhE) to reduce CP, PP and CFPP was studied. The change in CP, PP and CFPP corresponded to a decrease in the saturated ethyl esters content. A reduction of the palmitic and stearic acid ethyl esters content of 20,63 % and 8.64 % respectively was found. There was not significant effect on the fuel properties due to changes in the chemical composition of liquid fractions. However, using a Factorial Design and Response Surface Methodology optimization, the lowest CP, PP and CFPP for WCOB biodiesel could be obtained working with a winterization temperature of -5 °C, adding a 10 % of FAEhE and cooling during 30 min.
生物柴油尽管在用作替代柴油的燃料时有诸多积极优点，但在低温流动性能（CFP）方面存在一个主要缺点。在冬季，过滤器堵塞以及脂肪酸结晶是导致燃料无法到达喷油器和燃烧室，从而使发动机无法启动的两个主要问题。本研究探讨了通过降低浊点（CP）、倾点（PP）和冷滤点（CFPP）来改善废食用油生物柴油（WCOB）的低温流动性能。研究了采用控制冬化和添加脂肪酸2-乙基己酯（FAEhE）两种技术相结合的方法来降低CP、PP和CFPP的有效性。CP、PP和CFPP的变化对应于饱和乙酯含量的降低。发现棕榈酸乙酯和硬脂酸乙酯含量分别降低了20.63%和8.64%。由于液体馏分化学成分的变化，对燃料性能没有显著影响。然而，通过析因设计和响应面方法优化，在-5°C的冬化温度下，添加10%的FAEhE并冷却30分钟，可以获得WCOB生物柴油的最低CP、PP和CFPP。
