Hubbard Gill, Dixon Diane, Johnston Marie, den Daas Chantal
School of Health Sciences, 11 Airlie Place, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
School of Applied Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Public Health Pract (Oxf). 2024 Aug 22;8:100538. doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100538. eCollection 2024 Dec.
To investigate the relationship between long-term condition (LTC) status and adherence to protective behaviours against infectious disease (face covering, physical distancing, hand hygiene).
Representative cross-sectional observational survey in summer 2020 in Scotland.
Independent variable is LTC status (LTC, disability, no LTC); dependent variable is adherence to protective behaviours (face covering, hand hygiene, social distancing); moderator variables are age, gender and area deprivation; mediator variables are perceived threat and psychological distress. P values of p < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant.
3972 participants of whom 2696 (67.9 %) indicated not having a LTC. People with no LTC had lowest adherence to protective behaviours, perceived threat and psychological distress. Age did not moderate the relationship between LTC status and adherence; females were more adherent than males and this gender difference was greater in people with disability compared to people with no LTC; adherence was greater for people with a LTC in the more deprived areas compared to the least deprived areas whereas adherence in those with no LTC was not related to area deprivation; threat appraisal partially mediated the relationship between having a LTC or disability and adherence; psychological distress did not mediate the relationship between LTC status and adherence.
This study addresses a gap in evidence about protective behaviours of people with LTCs. Perceptions of threat may be useful intervention targets against winter flu and during future pandemics in order to protect people with LTCs who are one of the most vulnerable groups of the population.
调查长期健康状况（LTC）与传染病防护行为（佩戴口罩、保持社交距离、手部卫生）依从性之间的关系。
2020年夏季在苏格兰进行的代表性横断面观察性调查。
自变量为长期健康状况（长期健康状况、残疾、无长期健康状况）；因变量为防护行为依从性（佩戴口罩、手部卫生、社交距离）；调节变量为年龄、性别和地区贫困程度；中介变量为感知威胁和心理困扰。p < 0.05的p值被视为具有统计学意义。
3972名参与者中，2696人（67.9%）表示没有长期健康状况。无长期健康状况的人对防护行为、感知威胁和心理困扰的依从性最低。年龄并未调节长期健康状况与依从性之间的关系；女性比男性依从性更高，与无长期健康状况的人相比，残疾人群体中的这种性别差异更大；与最贫困地区相比，较贫困地区有长期健康状况的人依从性更高，而无长期健康状况的人的依从性与地区贫困程度无关；威胁评估部分介导了患有长期健康状况或残疾与依从性之间的关系；心理困扰并未介导长期健康状况与依从性之间的关系。
本研究填补了长期健康状况人群防护行为证据方面的空白。对威胁的认知可能是预防冬季流感和未来大流行期间有用的干预目标，以保护长期健康状况人群，他们是最脆弱的人群之一。
