Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
BMJ Open. 2022 Jun 10;12(6):e059673. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059673.
Given the role of sociocultural gender in shaping human behaviours, the main objective of this study was to examine whether sex and gender-related factors were associated with the public's adherence to COVID-19-recommended protective health behaviours.
This was a retrospective analysis of the survey that captured data on people's awareness, attitudes and behaviours as they relate to the COVID-19 policies.
Data from the International COVID-19 Awareness and Responses Evaluation survey collected between March 2020 and February 2021 from 175 countries.
Convenience sample around the world.
We examined the role of sex and gender-related factors in relation to non-adherence of protective health behaviours including: (1) hand washing; (2) mask wearing; and (3) physical distancing. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine the factors associated with non-adherence to behaviours.
Among 48 668 respondents (mean age: 43 years; 71% female), 98.3% adopted hand washing, 68.5% mask wearing and 76.9% physical distancing. Compared with males, females were more likely to adopt hand washing (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.71 to 2.28) and maintain physical distancing (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.34). However, in multivariable sex-stratified models, females in countries with higher Gender Inequality Indexes (GII) were less likely to report hand washing (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.47, 95% CI: 0.21 to 1.05). Females who reported being employed (aOR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.48) and in countries with low/medium GIIs (aOR=0.18, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.51) were less likely to report mask wearing. Females who reported being employed were less likely to report physical distancing (aOR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.49).
While females showed greater adherence to COVID-19 protective health behaviours, gender-related factors, including employment status and high country-wide gender inequality, were independently associated with non-adherence. These findings may inform public health and vaccination policies in current as well as future pandemics.
鉴于社会文化性别在塑造人类行为方面的作用，本研究的主要目的是检验性别相关因素是否与公众遵守 COVID-19 推荐的保护健康行为有关。
这是一项对调查的回顾性分析，该调查收集了人们对 COVID-19 政策的认识、态度和行为的数据。
2020 年 3 月至 2021 年 2 月期间，从 175 个国家收集了来自国际 COVID-19 意识和反应评估调查的数据。
全球范围内的方便样本。
我们研究了性别相关因素与以下三种保护健康行为的不遵守情况之间的关系：（1）洗手；（2）戴口罩；和（3）保持身体距离。多变量逻辑回归用于确定与行为不遵守相关的因素。
在 48668 名受访者中（平均年龄：43 岁；71%为女性），98.3%的人采用了洗手，68.5%的人戴口罩，76.9%的人保持身体距离。与男性相比，女性更有可能采取洗手（OR=1.97，95%CI：1.71 至 2.28）和保持身体距离（OR=1.28，95%CI：1.22 至 1.34）。然而，在多变量性别分层模型中，性别不平等指数较高（GII）的国家中，女性报告洗手的可能性较低（调整后的 OR（aOR）=0.47，95%CI：0.21 至 1.05）。报告就业的女性（aOR=0.22，95%CI：0.10 至 0.48）和 GII 较低/中等的国家的女性（aOR=0.18，95%CI 0.06 至 0.51）报告戴口罩的可能性较低。报告就业的女性报告身体距离的可能性较低（aOR=0.39，95%CI：0.32 至 0.49）。
虽然女性对 COVID-19 保护健康行为的遵守程度较高，但与性别相关的因素，包括就业状况和全国范围内较高的性别不平等，与不遵守行为独立相关。这些发现可能为当前和未来的大流行中的公共卫生和疫苗接种政策提供信息。
