Colella Marica, Topi Skender, Palmirotta Raffaele, D'Agostino Donato, Charitos Ioannis Alexandros, Lovero Roberto, Santacroce Luigi
Microbiology and Virology Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan "A. Xhuvani", 3001 Elbasan, Albania.
Life (Basel). 2023 Jun 30;13(7):1486. doi: 10.3390/life13071486.
This article is intended to deepen our knowledge to date regarding the functions of the resident microbiota/microbiome in the urinary system for human health and disease. First, we sought to report the general characteristics (composition and stability) of the normal urinary system microbiota in the different anatomical sites in relation to some factors such as the effect of age, gender and diet, analyzing in detail the functions and the composition of the microbiota in the light of current knowledge. Several pieces of evidence suggest the importance of preserving the micro-ecosystem of the urinary system, and in some cases their relationship with diseases is important for maintaining human health is well understood. The female and male reproductive microbiota have mainly been studied over the past decade. In the past, the arrest was thought to have taken place in a sterile environment. Microorganisms of the microbiota form biofilms, three-dimensional structures, that differ in the reproductive organs and interact with both gametes and the embryo as well as with maternal tissues. These biofilms from the reproductive system also interact with others, such as that of the gastrointestinal tract. Reduction in its diversity intestinal microbiota can disrupt estrogen metabolism and affect the reproductive microbiota. It is therefore understood that its quantitative and qualitative identification is important for microbiota, but also the study of the structures formed by the microorganisms. A dysbiosis with local or systemic causes can lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining microbial population harmony (eubiosis) and preventing certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system was also investigated. A negative variation in the qualitative and quantitative composition of certain strains of microorganisms (dysbiosis) due to local or systemic causes can even lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining the healthy balance of microorganism populations (eubiosis), and thus in the prevention of certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system, has also been studied.
本文旨在深化我们目前对泌尿系统中常驻微生物群/微生物组在人类健康与疾病方面功能的认识。首先，我们试图报告正常泌尿系统微生物群在不同解剖部位的一般特征（组成和稳定性），并探讨一些因素，如年龄、性别和饮食的影响，同时根据现有知识详细分析微生物群的功能和组成。有几条证据表明保护泌尿系统微生态系统的重要性，在某些情况下，它们与疾病的关系对维持人类健康至关重要。过去十年主要研究了女性和男性生殖微生物群。过去，人们认为生殖过程是在无菌环境中进行的。微生物群中的微生物形成生物膜，即三维结构，在生殖器官中有所不同，并与配子、胚胎以及母体组织相互作用。来自生殖系统的这些生物膜也与其他生物膜相互作用，比如与胃肠道的生物膜。肠道微生物群多样性的降低会扰乱雌激素代谢并影响生殖微生物群。因此可以理解，对微生物群进行定量和定性鉴定很重要，对微生物形成的结构进行研究也很重要。局部或全身性原因导致的生态失调会引发严重疾病。我们还研究了益生菌在维持微生物种群和谐（共生）以及预防泌尿系统和生殖系统某些疾病方面的作用。局部或全身性原因导致的某些微生物菌株定性和定量组成的负面变化（生态失调）甚至会引发严重疾病。益生菌在维持微生物种群健康平衡（共生），从而预防泌尿系统和生殖系统某些疾病方面的作用也已得到研究。
