Cao Wei, Qin Kang, Li Feng, Chen Wanqing
Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
J Natl Cancer Cent. 2024 May 7;4(2):128-134. doi: 10.1016/j.jncc.2024.05.001. eCollection 2024 Jun.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) released the latest estimates of the global burden of cancer. We present a comparison of cancer profiles between 2020 and 2022, leveraging data from the Global Cancer Statistics (GLOBOCAN).
Cancer incidence and mortality data were sourced from two different years, 2020 and 2022, in the GLOBOCAN database. We tracked changes in age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, as well as estimated numbers of new cancer cases and deaths of the 15 most common cancer types globally and in China between 2020 and 2022. Additionally, we conducted comparisons to assess alterations in the cancer burden and variations in mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) across different regions and countries for both 2020 and 2022.
Lung cancer remained the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The new cases of thyroid cancer witnessed a sharp increase in 2022. Conversely, the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths from stomach and esophageal cancer decreased significantly in 2022. The geographic distribution of cancer incidence and mortality across six continents in 2022 largely mirrored that of 2020. Higher Human Development Index (HDI) levels in countries corresponded with elevated rates of cancer incidence and mortality, consistent with the previous year. Among 185 countries or territories, China's age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) ranked 64th and its age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) ranked 68th, aligning with global averages. Lung cancer continued to impose the greatest burden of incidence and mortality. Stomach, breast, and esophageal cancers showed declines in both case counts and ASIR. Noteworthy reductions in both ASMR and absolute mortality numbers were observed in liver, stomach, and esophageal cancers. The global MIR decreased from 0.516 in 2020 to 0.488 in 2022. MIR trends indicated an upward trajectory with decreasing HDI levels in both 2022 and 2020. While Canada, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom demonstrated increasing MIRs, China exhibited the most significant decrease, followed by Russia and the United States.
The global landscape of cancer incidence and mortality in 2022 reflects ongoing trends observed in 2020. Cancer burdens vary notably across countries with differing socioeconomic statuses. Decreases in stomach, liver, and esophageal cancer cases and deaths signify progress in cancer control efforts. The decrease in the global MIRs highlights potential improvements in cancer management.
国际癌症研究机构（IARC）发布了全球癌症负担的最新估计数据。我们利用全球癌症统计数据（GLOBOCAN）对2020年和2022年的癌症概况进行了比较。
癌症发病率和死亡率数据来源于GLOBOCAN数据库中的2020年和2022年这两个不同年份。我们追踪了年龄标准化发病率和死亡率的变化，以及2020年至2022年全球和中国15种最常见癌症类型的新发病例数和死亡估计数。此外，我们还进行了比较，以评估2020年和2022年不同地区和国家的癌症负担变化以及死亡率与发病率之比（MIR）的差异。
肺癌仍然是全球最常见的癌症和癌症死亡的主要原因。2022年甲状腺癌新发病例急剧增加。相反，2022年胃癌和食管癌的新发病例数和死亡数显著下降。2022年六大洲癌症发病率和死亡率的地理分布在很大程度上反映了2020年的情况。与上一年一致，国家的人类发展指数（HDI）水平越高，癌症发病率和死亡率越高。在185个国家或地区中，中国的年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）排名第64位，年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）排名第68位，与全球平均水平一致。肺癌继续造成最大的发病和死亡负担。胃癌、乳腺癌和食管癌的病例数和ASIR均有所下降。肝癌、胃癌和食管癌的ASMR和绝对死亡数均有显著下降。全球MIR从2020年的0.516降至2022年的0.488。2022年和2020年的MIR趋势均表明，随着HDI水平的降低呈上升趋势。加拿大、德国、印度、意大利、日本和英国的MIR呈上升趋势，而中国的下降最为显著，其次是俄罗斯和美国。
2022年全球癌症发病率和死亡率格局反映了2020年观察到的持续趋势。不同社会经济地位国家的癌症负担差异显著。胃癌、肝癌和食管癌病例及死亡人数的减少表明癌症控制工作取得了进展。全球MIR的下降突出了癌症管理方面的潜在改善。
