Transformative applications of additive manufacturing in biomedical engineering: bioprinting to surgical innovations.

This paper delves into the diverse applications and transformative impact of additive manufacturing (AM) in biomedical engineering. A detailed analysis of various AM technologies showcases their distinct capabilities and specific applications within the medical field. Special emphasis is placed on bioprinting of organs and tissues, a revolutionary area where AM has the potential to revolutionize organ transplantation and regenerative medicine by fabricating functional tissues and organs. The review further explores the customization of implants and prosthetics, demonstrating how tailored medical devices enhance patient comfort and performance. Additionally, the utility of AM in surgical planning is examined, highlighting how printed models contribute to increased surgical precision, reduced operating times, and minimized complications. The discussion extends to the 3D printing of surgical instruments, showcasing how these bespoke tools can improve surgical outcomes. Moreover, the integration of AM in drug delivery systems, including the development of innovative drug-loaded implants, underscores its potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. It also addresses personalized prosthetic implants, regulatory frameworks, biocompatibility concerns, and the future potential of AM in global health and sustainable practices.