Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
Adv Mater. 2020 Apr;32(13):e1901994. doi: 10.1002/adma.201901994. Epub 2019 Aug 18.
Biomaterials play a critical role in modern medicine as surgical guides, implants for tissue repair, and as drug delivery systems. The emerging paradigm of precision medicine exploits individual patient information to tailor clinical therapy. While the main focus of precision medicine to date is the design of improved pharmaceutical treatments based on "-omics" data, the concept extends to all forms of customized medical care. This includes the design of precision biomaterials that are tailored to meet specific patient needs. Additive manufacturing (AM) enables free-form manufacturing and mass customization, and is a critical enabling technology for the clinical implementation of precision biomaterials. Materials scientists and engineers can contribute to the realization of precision biomaterials by developing new AM technologies, synthesizing advanced (bio)materials for AM, and improving medical-image-based digital design. As the field matures, AM is poised to provide patient-specific tissue and organ substitutes, reproducible microtissues for drug screening and disease modeling, personalized drug delivery systems, as well as customized medical devices.
生物材料在现代医学中起着至关重要的作用，可用作手术引导、组织修复植入物以及药物输送系统。新兴的精准医学模式利用个体患者信息来定制临床治疗。尽管迄今为止精准医学的主要焦点是基于“组学”数据设计改进的药物治疗方法，但该概念还扩展到所有形式的定制医疗。这包括设计专门满足特定患者需求的精密生物材料。增材制造（AM）可实现自由成型制造和大规模定制，是实现精准生物材料临床应用的关键使能技术。材料科学家和工程师可以通过开发新的 AM 技术、合成用于 AM 的先进（生物）材料以及改进基于医学影像的数字设计，为实现精密生物材料做出贡献。随着该领域的成熟，AM 有望提供针对特定患者的组织和器官替代品、用于药物筛选和疾病建模的可重复微组织、个性化药物输送系统以及定制医疗器械。
