Zhang Xinwen, Ngo Helen, Wagner Karen, Fan Xuetong, Wu Changqing
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, United States.
Front Toxicol. 2024 Sep 2;6:1380485. doi: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1380485. eCollection 2024.
Due to the growing safety and environmental concerns associated with biocides, phenolic-soy branched chain fatty acids (phenolic-soy BCFAs) are synthesized as new bio-based antimicrobial agents. Safety evaluation is essential before the wide adoption of these new antimicrobial products. This study was initiated to evaluate the safety of four phenolic-soy BCFAs (with phenol, thymol, carvacrol, or creosote branches). Methyl-branched iso-oleic acid, phenol, and creosote were included in the study as controls. toxicity simulation tools predicted that the phenolic BCFAs had much higher toxicities to aquatic organisms than free phenolics did, while the opposite was predicted for rats. The developmental toxicity of four phenolic-soy BCFAs was assessed using an chicken embryonic assay. Results showed that creosote-soy BCFA had much lower mortality rates than creosote at the same dosages. Additionally, creosote-soy BCFA and methyl-branched iso-oleic acid induced minimal estrogenic activity in the concentration range of 10 nM - 1 µM. Carvacrol-soy BCFA treatments significantly increased ( < 0.05) oxidative stress levels with higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the livers of chicken embryos. Altogether, the phenolic-soy BCFAs, especially creosote-soy BCFA, reported in this study are potentially promising and safer bio-based antimicrobial products.
由于与杀生剂相关的安全和环境问题日益受到关注，酚类 - 大豆支链脂肪酸（酚类 - 大豆BCFAs）被合成作为新型生物基抗菌剂。在广泛采用这些新型抗菌产品之前，安全评估至关重要。本研究旨在评估四种酚类 - 大豆BCFAs（带有苯酚、百里香酚、香芹酚或杂酚油分支）的安全性。研究中纳入了甲基支链异油酸、苯酚和杂酚油作为对照。毒性模拟工具预测，酚类BCFAs对水生生物的毒性比游离酚类高得多，而对大鼠的预测则相反。使用鸡胚试验评估了四种酚类 - 大豆BCFAs的发育毒性。结果表明，在相同剂量下，杂酚油 - 大豆BCFA的死亡率远低于杂酚油。此外，杂酚油 - 大豆BCFA和甲基支链异油酸在10 nM - 1 μM的浓度范围内诱导的雌激素活性最小。香芹酚 - 大豆BCFA处理显著增加（<0.05）了鸡胚肝脏中氧化应激水平，丙二醛反应性物质含量更高。总之，本研究中报道的酚类 - 大豆BCFAs，尤其是杂酚油 - 大豆BCFA，是具有潜在前景且更安全的生物基抗菌产品。
