Thepmalee Chutamas, Khoothiam Krissana, Thatsanasuwan Natthaphon, Rongjumnong Artitaya, Suwannasom Nittiya, Thephinlap Chonthida, Nuntaboon Piyawan, Panya Aussara, Chumphukam Orada, Chokchaisiri Ratchanaporn
Unit of Excellence on Research and Development of Cancer Therapy, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 27;10(17):e36686. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36686. eCollection 2024 Sep 15.
subsp. , a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is utilized in traditional medicinal remedies based on indigenous wisdom. This study aimed to comprehensively identify and analyze the bioactive phytoconstituents within subsp. seeds. Seeds were sequentially extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis detected ferulic acid, salicylic acid, cucurbitacin E, stigmasterol glucoside, and β-sitosterol glucoside in all extracts. The total phenolic content in the HH(S)-EtOAc and HH(S)-MeOH was 14.22 ± 1.58 and 12.98 ± 1.03 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively. Consequently, the HH(S)-EtOAc demonstrated antioxidant activity with an IC of 1.10 ± 0.28 mg/mL, while the HH(S)-MeOH displayed strong antioxidant potential with an IC of 0.04 ± 0.00 mg/mL according to an ABTS assay. Antibacterial evaluations of both the HH(S)-hexane and HH(S)-EtOAc revealed significant activity against (zone of inhibition (ZOI): 13.67 ± 2.31 and 11.67 ± 1.53 mm, respectively) but limited activity against (ZOI: 7.33 ± 0.58 and 7.67 ± 0.58 mm, respectively). Additionally, the extracts exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, ranging from 62.50 to 250 mg/mL. The antiproliferative activity of seed extracts was assessed against two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), normal breast cells (MCF10A), and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells, through MTT and clonogenic assays. The results revealed IC values exceeding 400 μg/mL, indicating that the extracts are safe. Furthermore, all seed extracts (50 μg/mL) exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity, evident by their substantial inhibition of nitric oxide production ( < 0.001) and () gene expression ( < 0.05) in LPS-induced RAW264.7. These findings demonstrate the potential for subsp. seed extracts in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements due to their diverse bioactive compounds and substantial biological activities, particularly their anti-inflammatory effects.
[物种名称]亚种，属于葫芦科，基于本土智慧被用于传统药物疗法。本研究旨在全面鉴定和分析[物种名称]亚种种子中的生物活性植物成分。种子依次用正己烷、乙酸乙酯和甲醇进行提取。液相色谱 - 质谱分析在所有提取物中检测到阿魏酸、水杨酸、葫芦素E、豆甾醇葡萄糖苷和β - 谷甾醇葡萄糖苷。HH(S) - 乙酸乙酯和HH(S) - 甲醇中的总酚含量分别为14.22±1.58和12.98±1.03毫克没食子酸当量/克。因此，根据ABTS测定法，HH(S) - 乙酸乙酯表现出抗氧化活性，IC50为1.10±0.28毫克/毫升；而HH(S) - 甲醇表现出较强的抗氧化潜力，IC50为0.04±0.00毫克/毫升。HH(S) - 正己烷和HH(S) - 乙酸乙酯的抗菌评估显示，对[细菌名称1]有显著活性（抑菌圈（ZOI）分别为13.67±2.31和11.67±1.53毫米），但对[细菌名称2]活性有限（ZOI分别为7.33±0.58和7.67±0.58毫米）。此外，提取物表现出较低的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）值，范围为62.50至250毫克/毫升。通过MTT和克隆形成试验评估种子提取物对两种乳腺癌细胞系（MCF - 7和MDA - MB - 231）、正常乳腺细胞（MCF10A）和人胚肾（HEK）293T细胞的抗增殖活性。结果显示IC50值超过400微克/毫升，表明提取物是安全的。此外，所有种子提取物（50微克/毫升）均表现出强大的抗炎活性，这在其对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞中一氧化氮产生（P < 0.001）和[基因名称]基因表达（P < 0.05）的显著抑制中得以体现。这些发现表明，由于[物种名称]亚种种子提取物具有多种生物活性化合物和显著的生物活性，特别是其抗炎作用，在功能性食品、营养保健品和膳食补充剂的开发中具有潜力。
