Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Royle Leaf and Seed Extracts.

Our study was designed to screen the antibacterial potency of leaf and seed extract and to measure their antioxidant effects, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and total carbohydrate content. Collected samples were extracted by cold maceration. Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water were used as extraction solvents. In the disc diffusion method, ethyl acetate leaf extract was most prominent against with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 13.83 mm. Similarly, methanolic leaf extract was most prominent against (ZOI-12.33 mm). Furthermore, the methanolic seed extract was most sensitive against Klebsiella pneumoniaee (ZOI-11.66 mm) (ZOI-9.0 mm). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 0.5 mg/mL and 0.6 mg/mL, respectively, were shown by ethyl acetate leaf extract against . Similarly, the highest values of MIC and MBC, i.e., 20.8 mg/mL and 33.3 mg/mL, respectively, were shown by hexane leaf extract against On the other hand, evaluation of antioxidant capacity revealed that ethyl acetate leaf extract showed the maximum antioxidant effect (IC: 66.69 g/mL). The total flavonoid contents of different extracts were measured in the range of 37 ± 0.74 g QE/mg dry extract weight (methanolic seed extract) to 321.84 ± 4.82 g QE/mg dry extract weight (hexane seed extract). Likewise, hexane leaf extract (17.33 ± 0.642 g GAE/mg dry extract weight) to ethyl acetate leaf extract (62.56 ± 1.284 g GAE/mg dry extract weight). We found a variation in total carbohydrate content in the range of 23.55 ± 1.125 g glucose/mg dry extract weight (hexane leaf extract) to 96.63 ± 2.253 g glucose/mg dry extract weight (aqueous leaf extract). Overall, this study revealed that leaf and seed extract of exhibited noteworthy antibacterial effects against diverse pathogenic microorganisms.