Dibbasey Mustapha, Dahaba Mamudou, Sarfo Francess, Begum Rosyna, Kanteh Mustapha, Sumareh Nyima, Bakare Mustapha, Umukoro Solomon, Amambua-Ngwa Alfred
Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia.
Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Legon, Ghana.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024 Sep 17;4(9):e0003715. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003715. eCollection 2024.
The objectives of this study were to determine the presence and effect of seasonal variations and provide insights into trend from 2018 to 2022 in a comprehensive set of routine haematological indices and biochemical measurements in Gambian adults with no known underlying health condition. We retrieved five years of data from an electronic database and analysed 493 full blood counts and 643 biochemical data from different individuals. In this study, we focused on data from individuals with no known underlying health condition who visited the clinical diagnostic laboratory for routine medical examinations or assessments.Our study found a positive association between seasonality (wet season as the reference) and Hb (HB: 0.014(0.015), P<0.05), White blood cells (WBC) (WBC: 0.243(0.163), p = 0.0014), and neutrophils (neutrophils: 0.271(0.131), P<0.05) with exception to red blood cells (RBC) (RBC: - 0.184(0.061), P< 0.003) that showed negative association. Despite the association, the seasonal effects on our derived reference intervals for haematological indices and biochemical measurements from wet season to dry season were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In addition, we observed in our heatmap result that some laboratory parameters, including HB, RBC, haematocrit (HCT), urea, liver enzymes, and potassium, showed seasonal variation patterns throughout the year, with median levels being normal to slightly low during the dry season and normal to high during the wet season. We also found no significant difference (P>0.05) among the median values for all parameters from 2018 to 2022. Additionally, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) parameters showed a consistent declining trend from 2018 to 2022. Our study found no seasonal effects on the derived reference intervals of haematological indices and biochemical measurements. However, we observed changes in patterns for certain parameters particularly HB, RBC, liver enzymes, and potassium based on seasonality.
本研究的目的是确定季节性变化的存在及其影响，并深入了解2018年至2022年期间，在没有已知潜在健康问题的冈比亚成年人中，一系列常规血液学指标和生化测量结果的趋势。我们从一个电子数据库中检索了五年的数据，并分析了来自不同个体的493份全血细胞计数和643份生化数据。在本研究中，我们关注的是那些没有已知潜在健康问题、前往临床诊断实验室进行常规医学检查或评估的个体的数据。我们的研究发现，季节性（以雨季为参照）与血红蛋白（HB：0.014(0.015)，P<0.05）、白细胞（WBC）（WBC：0.243(0.163)，p = 0.0014）和中性粒细胞（中性粒细胞：0.271(0.131)，P<0.05）之间存在正相关，但红细胞（RBC）（RBC：- 0.184(0.061)，P< 0.003）呈负相关。尽管存在这种相关性，但从雨季到旱季，季节性对我们得出的血液学指标和生化测量参考区间的影响并不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）。此外，我们在热图结果中观察到，一些实验室参数，包括HB、RBC、血细胞比容（HCT）、尿素、肝酶和钾，全年呈现季节性变化模式，旱季中位数水平正常至略低，雨季正常至高。我们还发现，2018年至2022年期间所有参数的中位数之间没有显著差异（P>0.05）。此外，天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）参数在2018年至2022年期间呈持续下降趋势。我们的研究发现，季节性对血液学指标和生化测量的参考区间没有影响。然而，我们观察到某些参数的模式根据季节性发生了变化，特别是HB、RBC、肝酶和钾。
