Hurley Meghan E, Lang Benjamin H, Kostick-Quenet Kristin Marie, Smith Jared N, Blumenthal-Barby Jennifer
Baylor College of Medicine.
University of Oxford.
Am J Bioeth. 2025 Mar;25(3):102-114. doi: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2399828. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
Given the need for enforceable guardrails for artificial intelligence (AI) that protect the public and allow for innovation, the U.S. Government recently issued a Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights which outlines five principles of safe AI design, use, and implementation. One in particular, the right to notice and explanation, requires accurately informing the public about the use of AI that impacts them in ways that are easy to understand. Yet, in the healthcare setting, it is unclear what goal the right to notice and explanation serves, and the moral importance of patient-level disclosure. We propose three normative functions of this right: (1) to notify patients about their care, (2) to educate patients and promote trust, and (3) to meet standards for informed consent. Additional clarity is needed to guide practices that respect the right to notice and explanation of AI in healthcare while providing meaningful benefits to patients.
鉴于需要为人工智能（AI）设置可执行的保障措施以保护公众并促进创新，美国政府最近发布了一份《人工智能权利法案蓝图》，其中概述了安全AI设计、使用和实施的五项原则。特别是其中一项“通知与解释权”，要求以易于理解的方式准确告知公众AI对他们的影响。然而，在医疗环境中，通知与解释权的目的是什么，以及在患者层面进行披露的道德重要性尚不清楚。我们提出了这项权利的三个规范功能：（1）通知患者有关其治疗情况，（2）教育患者并促进信任，（3）满足知情同意标准。需要进一步明确，以指导在尊重医疗保健中AI通知与解释权的同时为患者带来切实益处的实践。
