Bonilla-Barrera Claudia Haitzell, Bea Berges Laura, Seco-Calvo Jesús
Gerencia de Atención Primaria de León, León, España.
Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Riojano de Salud, La Rioja, España.
Aten Primaria. 2025 Jan;57(1):103078. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2024.103078. Epub 2024 Sep 16.
Evaluate the nutritional status in older adults in the community, to determine malnutrition, obesity and their risks and to identify determinants related to both clinical situations.
Cross-sectional study. SITE: 3 Primary care health centers in La Rioja in urban, semiurban and rural areas.
409 people ≥ 65 years old who came to receive consultation, with 3 abandonments.
Nutritional assessment by tools screening and anthropometric measurements.
The MNA SF® was used to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and the BMI for obesity. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health-disease variables, lifestyle habits, metabolic status, and anthropometric measurements were included. Binary logistic regression was performed to predict dichotomous dependent variables.
The prevalence of malnutrition and its risk (DR) were 18.7% and obesity and its risk were 66,5%. The multivariate model for malnutrition and DR includes polypharmacy, dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, and having mental pathology (OR=3.09, 2.01, 2.12, 1.72, respectively). On the other hand, the probability of presenting obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk, age, excessive-moderate alcohol consumption, hypertension and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR=2.73, 4.27, 2.03, 1.97, 1.81 respectively).
This results stand out that the study population has a poor nutritional status, detecting a risk of malnutrition, obesity and overweight. The identified predictors related to lifestyle habits, presence of diseases, psychosocial problems, metabolic alterations, etc. They can guide the selection of those people who would benefit from screening to detect and approach the risk of malnutrition early.
评估社区老年人的营养状况，确定营养不良、肥胖及其风险，并识别与这两种临床情况相关的决定因素。
横断面研究。地点：拉里奥哈的3个初级保健健康中心，分别位于城市、半城市和农村地区。
409名65岁及以上前来就诊的患者，有3人中途退出。
通过工具筛查和人体测量进行营养评估。
使用微型营养评定法简表（MNA SF®）确定营养不良的患病率，使用体重指数（BMI）评估肥胖情况。纳入社会人口统计学、社会经济、健康疾病变量、生活方式习惯、代谢状况和人体测量数据。进行二元逻辑回归以预测二分依赖变量。
营养不良及其风险（DR）的患病率为18.7%，肥胖及其风险的患病率为66.5%。营养不良和DR的多变量模型包括多重用药、血脂异常、久坐不动的生活方式和患有精神疾病（OR分别为3.09、2.01、2.12、1.72）。另一方面，出现肥胖的概率与心血管风险、年龄、过量-适度饮酒、高血压以及对地中海饮食的低依从性相关（OR分别为2.73、4.27、2.03、1.97、1.81）。
这些结果突出表明研究人群的营养状况较差，检测到营养不良、肥胖和超重的风险。所确定的与生活方式习惯、疾病存在、心理社会问题、代谢改变等相关的预测因素，可以指导选择那些将从筛查中受益的人群，以便早期发现并处理营养不良风险。
