Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Spain.
Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Spain.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2022 Mar;75(3):232-241. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.12.020. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
Obesity is a significant public health problem associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity (AO) in the Spanish population aged ≥ 3 years and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and their association with CVRF.
The sample was drawn from the ENPE study (n=6800). The study protocol included individual anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic factors, food intake (food frequency questionnaire), physical activity, lifestyles, and health problems.
The estimated overall prevalence of obesity (22.0%; 95%CI, 21.0-23.0) and AO (64.7%; 95%CI, 63.5-65.8) was higher in men, in persons aged ≥ 65 years, and in those with a lower socioeconomic level or from southern regions. Lifestyle pattern was significantly associated with obesity and AO (P=.011), which were less likely in people with an active lifestyle pattern (P <.0001). Obesity (OR, 1.85; 95%CI, 1.24-2.78) and AO (OR, 2.16; 95%CI, 1.1-4.24) were positively associated with CVRF. Clustering of CVRF with obesity and/or AO was higher in women (12.6%; 95%CI, 11.4-13.9) and in persons aged ≥ 65 years (32.7%; 95%CI, 30.0-35.4).
The prevalence of obesity and AO in the Spanish population is high; it is higher in men, increases with age, and is inversely related to socioeconomic status. A lifestyle pattern combining a higher level of physical activity, moderate sedentariness and a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with a lower probability of obesity, AO, and CVRF.
肥胖是一个严重的公共卫生问题，与心血管风险因素（CVRF）的风险增加有关。本研究的目的是确定西班牙≥3 岁人群超重和腹型肥胖（AO）的患病率，并分析社会人口统计学和生活方式因素的影响及其与 CVRF 的相关性。
样本来自 ENPE 研究（n=6800）。研究方案包括个体人体测量、社会人口统计学因素、饮食摄入（食物频率问卷）、身体活动、生活方式和健康问题。
肥胖（22.0%；95%CI，21.0-23.0）和 AO（64.7%；95%CI，63.5-65.8）的总体估计患病率在男性、≥65 岁的人群以及社会经济地位较低或来自南部地区的人群中较高。生活方式模式与肥胖和 AO 显著相关（P=.011），在生活方式活跃的人群中，肥胖和 AO 的可能性较小（P<0.0001）。肥胖（OR，1.85；95%CI，1.24-2.78）和 AO（OR，2.16；95%CI，1.1-4.24）与 CVRF 呈正相关。在女性（12.6%；95%CI，11.4-13.9）和≥65 岁的人群（32.7%；95%CI，30.0-35.4）中，CVRF 与肥胖和/或 AO 的聚类更高。
西班牙人群中肥胖和 AO 的患病率较高；男性较高，随年龄增长而增加，与社会经济地位呈负相关。结合更高水平的身体活动、适度久坐和地中海饮食模式的生活方式模式与肥胖、AO 和 CVRF 的可能性降低相关。
