Li Geng, Shang Lei, Qin Shenglei, Yu Hongjun
Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Chinese Football College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Sep 17;16(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00983-6.
Limited research has investigated the association between training load and performance of basketball players during games. Little is known about how different indicators of player performance are affected by internal and external loads. The purpose of this study was to determine whether external and internal loads influence basketball players' performance during games.
This longitudinal study involved 20 professional male basketball players from a single team, classified as first-level athletes by the Chinese Basketball Association. During 34 games, external load was measured as PlayerLoad using micro-sensors, while internal load was assessed using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Player performance was quantified using three metrics: Efficiency, Player Index Rating (PIR), and Plus-Minus (PM). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the strength of the relationships between training loads and performance metrics. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to further analyze the influence of internal and external loads on basketball performance.
Pearson correlation analysis revealed moderate positive correlations between both sRPE and PlayerLoad with Efficiency and PIR. Specifically, sRPE (r = 0.52) and PlayerLoad (r = 0.54) were both significantly correlated with Efficiency. For PIR, sRPE (r = 0.50) and PlayerLoad (r = 0.56) also demonstrated moderate correlations. These correlations were further substantiated by linear mixed-effects models, which showed that sRPE (β = 2.21, p < 0.001) and PlayerLoad (β = 1.87, p = 0.004) had significant independent effects on Efficiency. Similarly, sRPE (β = 2.15, p < 0.001) and PlayerLoad (β = 2.36, p < 0.001) significantly predicted PIR. Additionally, a significant interaction effect between PlayerLoad and sRPE was found on Plus-Minus (β = -2.49, p < 0.001), indicating that the combination of high physical and psychological loads negatively impacted overall team performance. However, the correlation strengths for Plus-Minus were relatively low (sRPE: r = 0.16; PlayerLoad: r = 0.10).
Both external and internal loads positively contribute to performance, the integration of objective (accelerometry) and subjective (sRPE) measures of load provides a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and psychological demands on athletes, contributing to more effective training regimens and performance optimization.
关于比赛期间训练负荷与篮球运动员表现之间的关联，相关研究有限。对于运动员表现的不同指标如何受到内部和外部负荷的影响，人们了解甚少。本研究的目的是确定外部和内部负荷是否会影响篮球运动员在比赛中的表现。
这项纵向研究涉及来自同一球队的20名职业男性篮球运动员，他们被中国篮球协会列为一级运动员。在34场比赛中，使用微型传感器将外部负荷测量为运动员负荷（PlayerLoad），同时使用主观用力程度会话评分（sRPE）评估内部负荷。运动员表现通过三个指标进行量化：效率、球员指数评级（PIR）和正负值（PM）。计算皮尔逊相关系数以评估训练负荷与表现指标之间关系的强度。应用线性混合效应模型进一步分析内部和外部负荷对篮球表现的影响。
皮尔逊相关分析显示，sRPE和运动员负荷与效率和PIR之间均存在中度正相关。具体而言，sRPE（r = 0.52）和运动员负荷（r = 0.54）均与效率显著相关。对于PIR，sRPE（r = 0.50）和运动员负荷（r = 0.56）也显示出中度相关性。线性混合效应模型进一步证实了这些相关性，该模型表明sRPE（β = 2.21，p < 0.001）和运动员负荷（β = 1.87，p = 0.004）对效率有显著的独立影响。同样，sRPE（β = 2.15，p < 0.001）和运动员负荷（β = 2.36，p < 0.001）显著预测了PIR。此外，发现运动员负荷和sRPE之间对正负值有显著的交互作用（β = -2.49，p < 0.001），表明高身体负荷和心理负荷的组合对球队整体表现有负面影响。然而，正负值的相关强度相对较低（sRPE：r = 0.16；运动员负荷：r = 0.10）。
外部和内部负荷均对表现有积极贡献，将客观（加速度计）和主观（sRPE）负荷测量方法相结合，能够全面了解对运动员的生理和心理需求，有助于制定更有效的训练方案并优化表现。
