Graziosi Giulia, Lupini Caterina, Favera Francesco Dalla, Martini Gabriella, Dosa Geremia, Garavini Gloria, Trevisani Giacomo, Mannelli Alessandro, Catelli Elena
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy.
Veterinary Services, Local Health Unit of Imola (A.U.S.L. di Imola), Imola, 40026, BO, Italy.
Vet Anim Sci. 2024 Aug 26;26:100393. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100393. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Diligent application and implementation of biosecurity measures stand as the most effective measures to prevent disease transmission through direct or indirect interactions between poultry and free-ranging animals. Among these, free-ranging mammals can be hosts or disseminators of several pathogens relevant to poultry and of public health concern. Moreover, evidence of susceptibility to avian influenza virus infection in non-human mammals has raised questions about their potential role in the virus' epidemiology at the domestic animal-wildlife interface. Given this background, this study aimed to identify mammal species occurring near laying-hen houses and characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of these visits. Seven camera traps were deployed for a year-long period in three commercial poultry farms in a densely populated poultry area in Northern Italy. Various methods, including time series analysis and generalized linear models, were employed to analyze daily mammal visits. A total of 1,867 camera trap nights yielded 567 videos of seven species of wild mammals, and 1,866 videos showed domestic pet species (cats and dogs). Coypus () and cats were the two mammals more frequently observed near poultry houses. For wild mammals, visits significantly increased at night, and slightly decreased during the spring season. Overall, the data hereby provided lay the groundwork for designing novel surveillance and intervention strategies to prevent cross-species disease transmission. Moreover, the utilization of visual evidence depicting free-ranging animals approaching poultry houses could assist health authorities in educating and raising awareness among stakeholders about potential risks of pathogen spillover.
认真应用和实施生物安全措施是预防疾病通过家禽与散养动物之间直接或间接相互作用传播的最有效措施。其中，散养哺乳动物可能是与家禽相关且关乎公共卫生的多种病原体的宿主或传播者。此外，非人类哺乳动物对禽流感病毒感染易感性的证据引发了人们对它们在家畜与野生动物界面病毒流行病学中潜在作用的质疑。在此背景下，本研究旨在识别蛋鸡舍附近出现的哺乳动物物种，并描述这些访问的时空模式。在意大利北部人口密集的家禽养殖区的三个商业家禽养殖场，部署了七个相机陷阱，为期一年。采用了包括时间序列分析和广义线性模型在内的各种方法来分析每日哺乳动物的访问情况。总共1867个相机陷阱夜间监测产生了7种野生哺乳动物的567段视频，还有1866段视频显示了家养宠物物种（猫和狗）。麝鼠（）和猫是在家禽舍附近观察到的最频繁的两种哺乳动物。对于野生哺乳动物来说，夜间访问显著增加，在春季略有减少。总体而言，本研究提供的数据为设计预防跨物种疾病传播的新型监测和干预策略奠定了基础。此外，利用描绘散养动物接近家禽舍的视觉证据可以帮助卫生当局对利益相关者进行教育，并提高他们对病原体溢出潜在风险的认识。
