Paxton Avery B, Riley Trevor N, Steenrod Camille L, Smith Carter S, Zhang Y Stacy, Gittman Rachel K, Silliman Brian R, Buckel Christine A, Viehman T Shay, Puckett Brandon J, Davis Jenny
National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA.
Central Library, Office of Science Support, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
Environ Evid. 2023 May 22;12(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s13750-023-00303-4.
Anthropogenic pressures and climate change threaten the capacity of ecosystems to deliver a variety of services, including protecting coastal communities from hazards like flooding and erosion. Human interventions aim to buffer against or overcome these threats by providing physical protection for existing coastal infrastructure and communities, along with added ecological, social, or economic co-benefits. These interventions are a type of nature-based solution (NBS), broadly defined as actions working with nature to address societal challenges while also providing benefits for human well-being, biodiversity, and resilience. Despite the increasing popularity of NBS for coastal protection, sometimes in lieu of traditional hardened shorelines (e.g., oyster reefs instead of bulkheads), gaps remain in our understanding of whether common NBS interventions for coastal protection perform as intended. To help fill these knowledge gaps, we aim to identify, collate, and map the evidence base surrounding the performance of active NBS interventions related to coastal protection across a suite of ecological, physical, social, and economic outcomes in salt marsh, seagrass, kelp, mangrove, shellfish reef, and coral reef systems. The resulting evidence base will highlight the current knowledge on NBS performance and inform future uses of NBS meant for coastal protection.
Searches for primary literature on performance of NBS for coastal protection in shallow, biogenic ecosystems will be conducted using a predefined list of indexing platforms, bibliographic databases, open discovery citation indexes, and organizational databases and websites, as well as an online search engine and novel literature discovery tool. All searches will be conducted in English and will be restricted to literature published from 1980 to present. Resulting literature will be screened against set inclusion criteria (i.e., population, intervention, outcome, study type) at the level of title and abstract followed by full text. Screening will be facilitated by a web-based active learning tool that incorporates user feedback via machine learning to prioritize articles for review. Metadata will be extracted from articles that meet inclusion criteria and summarized in a narrative report detailing the distribution and abundance of evidence surrounding NBS performance, including evidence clusters, evidence gaps, and the precision and sensitivity of the search strategy.
人为压力和气候变化威胁着生态系统提供各种服务的能力，包括保护沿海社区免受洪水和侵蚀等灾害。人类干预旨在通过为现有的沿海基础设施和社区提供物理保护，以及增加生态、社会或经济协同效益，来缓冲或克服这些威胁。这些干预措施是一种基于自然的解决方案（NBS），广义上定义为与自然合作以应对社会挑战，同时也为人类福祉、生物多样性和恢复力带来益处的行动。尽管基于自然的解决方案在沿海保护方面越来越受欢迎，有时会替代传统的硬质海岸线（例如，用牡蛎礁替代防波堤），但我们对常见的基于自然的沿海保护干预措施是否按预期发挥作用的理解仍存在差距。为了填补这些知识空白，我们旨在识别、整理并绘制围绕与沿海保护相关的基于自然的解决方案的有效干预措施在盐沼、海草、海带、红树林、贝类礁和珊瑚礁系统中的一系列生态、物理、社会和经济成果的证据库。由此产生的证据库将突出当前关于基于自然的解决方案性能的知识，并为未来用于沿海保护的基于自然的解决方案提供参考。
将使用预定义的索引平台、书目数据库、开放发现引文索引、组织数据库和网站列表，以及在线搜索引擎和新颖的文献发现工具，搜索关于浅海生物源生态系统中基于自然的解决方案用于沿海保护性能的原始文献。所有搜索将以英文进行，并限于1980年至今发表的文献。所得文献将根据设定的纳入标准（即人群、干预措施、结果、研究类型）在标题和摘要层面进行筛选，随后进行全文筛选。筛选将通过一个基于网络的主动学习工具来促进，该工具通过机器学习纳入用户反馈，以便对文章进行优先审查。将从符合纳入标准的文章中提取元数据，并在一份叙述性报告中进行总结，详细说明围绕基于自然的解决方案性能的证据分布和丰富程度，包括证据集群、证据差距以及搜索策略的精度和敏感性。
