Marecki Eric K, Oh Kwang W, Knight Paul R, Davidson Bruce A
Department of Anesthesiology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
Biomicrofluidics. 2024 Sep 17;18(5):051503. doi: 10.1063/5.0201465. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Nanoparticles can be used for drug delivery and consist of many sizes and chemical compositions. They can accommodate a diverse population of drugs and can be made to target specific areas of the body. Fabrication methods generally follow either top-down or bottom-up manufacturing techniques, which have differing production controls, which determine nanoparticle characteristics including but not limited to size and encapsulation efficiency. Functionalizing these nanoparticles is done to add drugs, prevent aggregation, add positive charge, add targeting, etc. As the nanoparticles reach the target cells, cellular uptake occurs, drug is released, and the nanoparticle is broken down. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles have often been used for drug delivery applications as they have shown minimal toxicity, which has helped with US FDA approval. This review breaks down PLGA nanoparticle fabrication, functionalization, and biological considerations.
纳米颗粒可用于药物递送，其有多种尺寸和化学成分。它们能容纳多种药物，并且可以设计成靶向身体的特定区域。制备方法通常遵循自上而下或自下而上的制造技术，这两种技术具有不同的生产控制方式，这些控制方式决定了纳米颗粒的特性，包括但不限于尺寸和包封效率。对这些纳米颗粒进行功能化处理是为了添加药物、防止聚集、添加正电荷、添加靶向性等。当纳米颗粒到达靶细胞时，会发生细胞摄取，药物被释放，纳米颗粒被分解。聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物（PLGA）纳米颗粒常被用于药物递送应用，因为它们显示出极低的毒性，这有助于获得美国食品药品监督管理局（US FDA）的批准。本综述详细介绍了PLGA纳米颗粒的制备、功能化及生物学考量。
