Nunes Sara, Bastos Rana, Marinho Ananda Isis, Vieira Raissa, Benício Ingra, de Noronha Maria Alícia, Lírio Sofia, Brodskyn Cláudia, Tavares Natalia Machado
Laboratory of Medicine and Precision Public Health (MeSP), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.
Noncoding RNA Res. 2024 Sep 2;10:41-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.09.005. eCollection 2025 Feb.
In the search for new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for infectious diseases, several molecules have been investigated. Small RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRs), are important regulators of gene expression, and have emerged as promising candidates for these purposes. MiRs are a class of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in several human diseases, including host-pathogen interaction mechanisms. Recently, miRs signatures have been reported in different infectious diseases, opening new perspectives for molecular diagnosis and therapy. MiR profiles can discriminate between healthy individuals and patients, as well as distinguish different disease stages. Furthermore, the possibility of assessing miRs in biological fluids, such as serum and whole blood, renders these molecules feasible for the development of new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tools. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively describe miRs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in infectious diseases and explore how they can contribute to the advance of existing and new tools. Additionally, we will discuss different miR analysis platforms to understand the obstacles and advances of this molecular approach and propose their potential clinical applications and contributions to public health.
在寻找传染病新的生物标志物和治疗靶点的过程中，已经对几种分子进行了研究。被称为微小RNA（miRs）的小RNA是基因表达的重要调节因子，并已成为实现这些目标的有希望的候选者。miRs是一类小的内源性非编码RNA，在包括宿主-病原体相互作用机制在内的几种人类疾病中发挥关键作用。最近，在不同的传染病中报道了miR特征，为分子诊断和治疗开辟了新的前景。miR谱可以区分健康个体和患者，也可以区分不同的疾病阶段。此外，在生物体液（如血清和全血）中评估miRs的可能性，使得这些分子对于开发新的非侵入性诊断和预后工具是可行的。在本手稿中，我们将全面描述miRs作为传染病中的生物标志物和治疗靶点，并探讨它们如何促进现有和新工具的发展。此外，我们将讨论不同的miR分析平台，以了解这种分子方法的障碍和进展，并提出它们潜在的临床应用以及对公共卫生的贡献。
