Department of Chemistry, Graduate Education Institute, Düzce University, Düzce 81620, Turkey.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Düzce University, Düzce 81620, Turkey.
J Chromatogr A. 2024 Nov 8;1736:465374. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465374. Epub 2024 Sep 12.
In this study, a simple, sensitive, and rapid method called green hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-liquid microextraction was developed to extract Brilliant Blue FCF dye from beverages. This method utilizes hydrophobic DES obtained by forming tetrabutylammonium bromide and 1-octanol in a 1:5 ratio as green extraction solvent. The transition of Brilliant Blue FCF to the DES phase occurred on its own, without the need for any reagents such as added salt or tetrahydrofuran. Several crucial factors were tried to get the best extraction efficiency, including species, DES volume and molar ratio, solution pH, ultrasonication, and centrifugation time. Under optimum conditions, extraction recoveries were achieved in the range of 95.1-101.3 % with the method developed for Brilliant Blue FCF. The detection and determination limits were observed to be 4.1 μg l and 12.1 μg l, respectively. In addition, the relative standard deviation values for the method's accuracy were found to be 2.23 % and 3.48 % within and between days, respectively. It has been established that the developed method is highly environmentally friendly thanks to the application of the Analytical GREENness (AGREE) and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) tools. This study shows that DES applications can be carried out without the use of emulsifiers and dispersants by prioritizing the use of hydrophobic DES compounds as environmentally friendly and green extraction solvents in food samples.
在本研究中，开发了一种简单、灵敏、快速的方法，称为绿色疏水深共晶溶剂液液微萃取，用于从饮料中提取亮蓝 FCF 染料。该方法利用四丁基溴化铵和 1-辛醇以 1:5 的比例形成的疏水 DES 作为绿色萃取溶剂。亮蓝 FCF 自行向 DES 相转移，无需添加盐或四氢呋喃等试剂。尝试了几个关键因素以获得最佳的萃取效率，包括物质、DES 体积和摩尔比、溶液 pH 值、超声和离心时间。在最佳条件下，开发的方法对亮蓝 FCF 的萃取回收率在 95.1-101.3%范围内。检测和测定限分别为 4.1μg l 和 12.1μg l。此外，方法的准确度的相对标准偏差值在日内和日间分别为 2.23%和 3.48%。通过应用分析绿色度（AGREE）和绿色分析程序指数（GAPI）工具，已经确定该方法具有很高的环境友好性。本研究表明，通过优先使用疏水性 DES 化合物作为食品样品中环保和绿色的萃取溶剂，可以在不使用乳化剂和分散剂的情况下进行 DES 应用。
