Goldin Shoshanna, Brooks Donald, Jorgensen Pernille, Wijesinghe Pushpa, Cho Heeyoun, Attia Rania, Doshi Reena, Nogareda Francisco, Herring Belinda, Dumolard Laure, Gibson Randie, Chadwick Christopher, Desai Shalini, Vilajeliu Alba, Lindstrand Ann, Tempia Stefano, Mott Joshua, Hess Sarah
World Health Organization (HQ) Geneva, Switzerland.
World Health Organization (HQ) Geneva, Switzerland.
Vaccine. 2024 Dec 2;42(26):126274. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126274. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
Seasonal influenza vaccination prevents severe influenza disease and death. The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages all countries to consider annual seasonal influenza vaccination for health workers, people with chronic conditions, older adults, pregnant women and other high-risk populations as relevant for their national context. This paper provides a global update on the status of countries' influenza vaccination policies and programmes as of December 2022.
We analysed the WHO-UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) Joint Reporting Form on Immunization's influenza vaccine-related data. We used STATA 17 to conduct descriptive analyses of reported seasonal influenza vaccine availability and seasonal influenza vaccination policies globally.
Seasonal influenza vaccine doses were available in 74 % of WHO Member States (143/194) in 2022. Fewer countries, 66 % of WHO Member States (128/194), had a seasonal influenza vaccination policy, of which 68 countries reported having a policy for the public sector, 53 for the public and private sectors, two for the private sector only, and five did not report the sector. More than half of WHO Member States (100 countries) recommend annual seasonal influenza vaccination for all four of the WHO recommended priority groups. Influenza vaccination coverage data were reported by 64 countries; globally the median coverage rates varied by group: 37 % for pregnant women, 55 % for older adults and 62 % for health workers.
The number of countries using seasonal influenza vaccines has grown over time, but there is still opportunity for continued development and strengthening of national programmes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To support countries, WHO is providing technical guidance and resources to enable better reporting of influenza vaccination data. More complete and higher quality data will help countries and global health stakeholders to support national decision-making and programme strengthening. Where available, WHO encourages countries to co-administer influenza and COVID-19 vaccination to increase programmatic efficiency and coverage of both vaccines among recommended groups.
季节性流感疫苗接种可预防严重流感疾病和死亡。世界卫生组织（WHO）鼓励所有国家根据本国实际情况，考虑为医护人员、慢性病患者、老年人、孕妇及其他高危人群进行年度季节性流感疫苗接种。本文提供了截至2022年12月各国流感疫苗接种政策和计划状况的全球最新情况。
我们分析了世界卫生组织-联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）免疫联合报告表中与流感疫苗相关的数据。我们使用STATA 17对全球报告的季节性流感疫苗供应情况和季节性流感疫苗接种政策进行描述性分析。
2022年，74%的世界卫生组织成员国（143/194）有季节性流感疫苗供应。有季节性流感疫苗接种政策的国家较少，占世界卫生组织成员国的66%（128/194），其中68个国家报告有针对公共部门的政策，53个国家有针对公共和私营部门的政策，2个国家只有针对私营部门的政策，5个国家未报告所属部门。超过一半的世界卫生组织成员国（100个国家）建议为世界卫生组织推荐的所有四个优先群体进行年度季节性流感疫苗接种。64个国家报告了流感疫苗接种覆盖率数据；全球范围内，各群体的覆盖率中位数有所不同：孕妇为37%，老年人为55%，医护人员为62%。
随着时间的推移，使用季节性流感疫苗的国家数量有所增加，但各国计划仍有持续发展和加强的空间，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）。为支持各国，世界卫生组织正在提供技术指导和资源，以更好地报告流感疫苗接种数据。更完整和更高质量的数据将有助于各国和全球卫生利益相关者支持国家决策和加强计划。在可行的情况下，世界卫生组织鼓励各国同时接种流感疫苗和新冠疫苗，以提高计划效率和两种疫苗在推荐群体中的覆盖率。
