Brugnolli Anna, Pedrotti Daniel, Bevilacqua Anita
Università degli Studi di Trento.
Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento.
Assist Inferm Ric. 2024 Jul-Sep;43(3):157-160. doi: 10.1702/4338.43236.
. Should fluids thickeners still be used for patients with swallowing problems? The use of thickened fluids in patients with dysphagia is widespread and considered an effective strategy for improving swallowing. However, the evidences that support the effectiveness of thickened fluids in reducing aspiration pneumonia and other complications are scarce. Instead, a body of evidences suggests that it is associated to adverse events, including dehydration, malnutrition and reduced health-related quality of life. A recent study on the implementation of this intervention on patients with dementia and dysphagia admitted to hospital shows no differences in mortality between patients exposed or not to a diet with thick liquid, and a higher risk of respiratory complications. Pending studies to clarify which behaviour is best, it is important to try to understand, together with the patient and the clinical specialists, the best strategy tailored on the patient.
对于有吞咽问题的患者，是否仍应使用增稠剂？在吞咽困难患者中使用增稠液体很普遍，并且被认为是改善吞咽的有效策略。然而，支持增稠液体在降低吸入性肺炎和其他并发症方面有效性的证据很少。相反，大量证据表明它与不良事件有关，包括脱水、营养不良和健康相关生活质量下降。最近一项针对住院的痴呆症和吞咽困难患者实施这种干预措施的研究表明，接受或未接受浓稠液体饮食的患者在死亡率上没有差异，且呼吸并发症风险更高。在等待进一步研究以明确哪种做法最佳时，与患者和临床专家一起努力了解针对该患者量身定制的最佳策略非常重要。
