Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024 Sep;30(9):e14892. doi: 10.1111/cns.14892.
Anxiety often coexists with migraine, and both conditions share a commonality in oxidative/nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to their pathogenesis. β-Sitosterol, a plant sterol, has shown promise in mitigating oxidative/nitrosative stress, enhancing mitochondrial function, and exerting neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the impact of β-sitosterol on migraine-associated anxiety and whether this effect was associated with alleviation of oxidative/nitrosative stress and improvement in mitochondrial function.
Nitroglycerin was used to induce migraine in adult male Wistar rats. β-Sitosterol treatment consisted of daily intraperitoneal injections (10 mg/kg) for 10 days following migraine induction. Anxiety levels were evaluated using open-field test (OFT) and hole-board test (HBT). Frontal cortex samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, nitric oxide (NO) (markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress), and ATP (indicator of mitochondrial function).
Migraine induction led to impaired performance in both the OFT and the HBT. Concurrently, it elevated MDA, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and NO levels while diminishing GSH levels in the frontal cortex, signifying heightened oxidative/nitrosative stress. Moreover, ATP levels decreased, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment with β-sitosterol significantly restored performance in both behavioral assays and normalized the levels of MDA, GSH, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, NO, and ATP.
β-Sitosterol exerted anxiolytic effects in migraine, which can be attributed to its ability to ameliorate oxidative/nitrosative stress and enhance mitochondrial function.
焦虑常与偏头痛并存，两者在氧化/硝化应激和线粒体功能障碍方面存在共同性，这导致了它们的发病机制。β-谷甾醇是一种植物固醇，已显示出在减轻氧化/硝化应激、增强线粒体功能和发挥神经保护作用方面有希望。在这项研究中，我们研究了β-谷甾醇对偏头痛相关焦虑的影响，以及这种作用是否与氧化/硝化应激的缓解和线粒体功能的改善有关。
使用硝化甘油诱导成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠偏头痛。β-谷甾醇治疗包括偏头痛诱导后每天进行腹腔内注射（10mg/kg），共 10 天。使用旷场试验（OFT）和洞板试验（HBT）评估焦虑水平。分析前额皮质样本中的丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、活性氧/氮物种、一氧化氮（氧化/硝化应激标志物）和三磷酸腺苷（ATP）（线粒体功能的指标）。
偏头痛诱导导致 OFT 和 HBT 均表现出受损的性能。同时，它增加了前额皮质中的 MDA、活性氧/氮物种和 NO 水平，同时降低了 GSH 水平，表明氧化/硝化应激增加。此外，ATP 水平降低，表明线粒体功能障碍。β-谷甾醇治疗显著改善了两种行为测定中的表现，并使 MDA、GSH、活性氧/氮物种、NO 和 ATP 的水平正常化。
β-谷甾醇在偏头痛中具有抗焦虑作用，这可以归因于其改善氧化/硝化应激和增强线粒体功能的能力。
