Kumar Akshita, Suryakumar Geetha, Singh Som Nath, Rathor Richa
Soldier Performance Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Feb;398(2):1341-1366. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03427-7. Epub 2024 Sep 20.
Carnosine, a compound with plethora of benefits, was originally discovered in 1900 and is formed by the amide linkage of β-alanine and L-histidine. Carnosine production is limited by β-alanine whereas the imidazole ring of histidine moiety makes it a suitable buffer in physiological pH range. It is reported to be found in the skeletal muscle, brain, heart, and gastrointestinal tissues of humans. This review focuses on the biological properties of carnosine including pH buffering ability, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-aging effect, enhancement of cognitive function, and immunomodulation. The relevance of carnosine in muscle function attributing to enhancement of physical performance has also been highlighted. Studies spanning several years have proved the preclinical effectiveness of carnosine in treating diverse pathological diseases. A complete summary of all key activities of carnosine from in vivo investigations and clinical trials has been compiled. Considering its numerous advantages, carnosine may be a promising option for the development of a nutraceutical.
肌肽是一种具有诸多益处的化合物，于1900年首次被发现，由β-丙氨酸和L-组氨酸通过酰胺键连接而成。肌肽的产生受β-丙氨酸限制，而组氨酸部分的咪唑环使其成为生理pH范围内合适的缓冲剂。据报道，它存在于人体的骨骼肌、大脑、心脏和胃肠道组织中。本综述重点关注肌肽的生物学特性，包括pH缓冲能力、抗氧化活性、抗炎活性、抗衰老作用、认知功能增强和免疫调节。还强调了肌肽在肌肉功能中对提高身体性能的相关性。历经数年的研究证明了肌肽在治疗多种病理疾病方面的临床前有效性。已汇编了来自体内研究和临床试验的肌肽所有关键活性的完整总结。鉴于其诸多优点，肌肽可能是一种有前景的营养保健品开发选择。
