Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2021 Sep;40(3):241-251. doi: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1935995. Epub 2021 Jun 16.
To elucidate the implications of L-carnosine on interleukin-1α (IL-1α)-induced inflammation of lacrimal glands (LGs).
Forty rabbits were divided equally into four groups: control group (G1), IL-1α (G2), L-carnosine (G3), and L-carnosine plus IL-1α (G4). Several clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, and biochemical investigations were performed, followed by statistical analysis to diagnose the presence of dry eye disease (DED).
The LGs of G2 rabbits showed degeneration of the acinar cells, increased deposition of collagen fibers, and marked immunoexpression of FasL; elevated levels of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1, and malondialdehyde; and decreased levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reactive oxygen species compared with those of G1 rabbits. In contrast, administration of L-carnosine to G4 rabbits revealed marked improvement of all previously harmful changes in G2 rabbits, indicating the cytoprotective effects of L-carnosine against IL-1α-induced inflammation of LGs.
IL-1α induced inflammation of LGs and eye dryness via oxidative stress, proinflammatory, apoptotic, and profibrotic effects, whereas L-carnosine mitigated DED through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antifibrotic effects on LGs. Therefore, this work demonstrates for the first time that L-carnosine may be used as adjuvant therapy for the preservation of visual integrity in patients with DED.HighlightsIL-1α induced dry eye disease through its oxidative stress, proinflammatory, apoptotic and profibrotic effects on the lacrimal glands of rabbit.L-carnosine has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antifibrotic effects.L-carnosine mitigated IL-1α induced dry eye disease via elevating the levels of FasL, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGFβ1 and MDA as well as reducing the levels of antioxidants (GPx, SOD, and catalase) and ROS in the lacrimal glands of rabbit.L-carnosine could be used as a novel adjuvant therapy for the treatment of dry eye disease.
阐明 L-肉碱对白细胞介素-1α（IL-1α）诱导的泪腺炎症的影响。
将 40 只兔子等分为 4 组：对照组（G1）、IL-1α 组（G2）、L-肉碱组（G3）和 L-肉碱加 IL-1α 组（G4）。进行了多项临床、组织病理学、免疫组织化学、形态计量学和生化研究，并进行了统计分析以诊断干眼症（DED）的存在。
与 G1 组兔子相比，G2 组兔子的泪腺腺泡细胞退化，胶原纤维沉积增加，FasL 免疫表达明显增加；干扰素-γ、肿瘤坏死因子-α、转化生长因子-β1 和丙二醛水平升高；谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和活性氧水平降低。相比之下，给 G4 组兔子服用 L-肉碱后，G2 组兔子的所有先前有害变化均有明显改善，表明 L-肉碱对 IL-1α 诱导的泪腺炎症具有细胞保护作用。
IL-1α 通过氧化应激、促炎、凋亡和纤维化作用诱导泪腺炎症和眼睛干燥，而 L-肉碱通过对泪腺的抗氧化、抗炎、抗凋亡和抗纤维化作用来减轻 DED。因此，这项工作首次表明 L-肉碱可用作 DED 患者保持视力完整的辅助治疗药物。
IL-1α 通过对兔泪腺的氧化应激、促炎、凋亡和纤维化作用诱导干眼症。
L-肉碱具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗凋亡和抗纤维化作用。
L-肉碱通过提高 FasL、IFN-γ、TNF-α、TGFβ1 和 MDA 的水平以及降低泪腺中的抗氧化剂（GPx、SOD 和过氧化氢酶）和 ROS 的水平来减轻 IL-1α 诱导的干眼症。
L-肉碱可作为治疗干眼症的新型辅助治疗药物。
