Wei C I, Marshall M R, Hsieh D P
Food Chem Toxicol. 1985 Sep;23(9):809-19. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(85)90281-9.
Water-soluble aflatoxin conjugates prepared from urine samples from rats, mice and rhesus monkeys dosed with [14C]aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ip or iv were hydrolysed by enzymes (beta-glucuronidase and sulphatase), acid or a combination of both treatments. Different amounts of AFB1 and its metabolites were found in hydrolysates from different sources, indicating the presence of glucuronide, sulphate and possibly mercapturate conjugates of aflatoxins. In addition to aflatoxins M1, P1, Q1 and B2a, AFB1 was frequently identified in the products released from the hydrolysates. These water-soluble aflatoxin conjugates were not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the presence of rat-liver S-9 mix. However, chloroform extracts of the hydrolysates from beta-glucuronidase and sulphatase treatment showed mutagenic activity in these bacteria in the presence of S-9 mix. Although very low levels of AFB1 radioactivity were detected in the hydrolysates, the potent mutagenic activity of AFB1 contributed to the high numbers of revertant colonies. AFP1 was detected in urine samples from monkeys that were pretreated with phenobarbital before an iv dose of AFB1. No mutagenic activity was detected in the enzymatic hydrolysate of the sample from these monkeys. The results thus indicate that AFB1 can form glucuronide and/or sulphate conjugate(s) directly and be excreted in the urine.
从经腹腔注射或静脉注射[14C]黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的大鼠、小鼠和恒河猴的尿液样本中制备的水溶性黄曲霉毒素缀合物，通过酶（β-葡萄糖醛酸酶和硫酸酯酶）、酸或两种处理方法的组合进行水解。在不同来源的水解产物中发现了不同量的AFB1及其代谢物，这表明存在黄曲霉毒素的葡萄糖醛酸苷、硫酸盐以及可能的巯基尿酸缀合物。除了黄曲霉毒素M1、P1、Q1和B2a外，在水解产物释放的产物中还经常鉴定出AFB1。这些水溶性黄曲霉毒素缀合物在存在大鼠肝脏S-9混合物的情况下对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98没有致突变性。然而，β-葡萄糖醛酸酶和硫酸酯酶处理后的水解产物的氯仿提取物在存在S-9混合物的情况下对这些细菌显示出致突变活性。尽管在水解产物中检测到的AFB1放射性水平非常低，但AFB1的强致突变活性导致了大量回复菌落的出现。在静脉注射AFB1之前用苯巴比妥预处理的猴子的尿液样本中检测到了AFP1。在这些猴子的样本的酶水解产物中未检测到致突变活性。因此，结果表明AFB1可以直接形成葡萄糖醛酸苷和/或硫酸盐缀合物并随尿液排出。
