Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China.
College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, No.1, Shada Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 20;14(1):21981. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71948-5.
Little is known about the mitochondrial genome of the family Eurybrachidae, with only two species sequenced. This study added one more mitogenome of Loxocephala sichuanensis in this family. The mitochondrial genome length of this species was 15,605 bp, consisting of 37 genes: 13 PCGs, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and a control region. An unusually high A + T content, reaching 94.3% at the third codon position of 13 PCGs in Loxocephala, was found in Eurybrachidae, which was the highest among all planthoppers, especially on N-strand. Three tandem repeat regions were detected in the control region. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences from 145 species (encompassing 18 planthopper families and 135 species in Fulgoromorpha as ingroup, and 6 other non-planthopper families in Auchenorrhyncha as outgroup) were conducted. Six datasets (PCG123R24, PCG123R2, PCG123, PCG12R24, PCG12R2, PCG12) were established to investigate the influence of 22 tRNAs and the third codon of the 13 PCGs of mitogenome for phylogeny analyses. Both Maximum likelihood and Bayesian trees supported the monophyly of the superfamilies Delphacoidea and Fulgoroidea. Delphacoidea, consisting of Cixiidae and Delphacidae as sister group, was in the basal position of Fulgoromorpha. In Fulgoroidea, the families Meenoplidae and Kinnaridae, Dictyopharidae and Fulgoridae, Acanaloniidae and Tropiduchidae were sister groups which were strongly supported. Caliscelidae was close to the sister group Lophopidae with Eurybrachidae. The four families Flatidae, Nogodinidae, Ricaniidae and Issidae were closely related. The position of Tettigometridae was uncertain. Derbidae and Achilidae form a sister group when 22 tRNAs were included in the phylogeny. The joining of the tRNA sequences of mitochondrial genome enhanced the stability of family-level nodes and adjusted some phylogenetic positions, highlighting the significant role of joining tRNAs in phylogenetic analyses. Including or excluding the third codon position of 13 PCGs generally did not affect the overall phylogenetic structures of Fulgoromorpha.
关于 Eurybrachidae 科的线粒体基因组知之甚少，仅有两个物种的基因组序列被测序。本研究在该科中增加了一个四川宽颈步甲的线粒体基因组。该物种的线粒体基因组长度为 15605bp，由 37 个基因组成：13 个 PCGs、2 个 rRNAs、22 个 tRNAs 和一个控制区。在 Eurybrachidae 中，发现了一种非同寻常的高 A+T 含量，在 13 个 PCGs 的第三个密码子位置达到了 94.3%，这在所有叶蝉目中是最高的，尤其是在 N 链上。在控制区检测到三个串联重复区。基于 145 种物种（包括 18 种叶蝉科和 135 种 Fulgoromorpha 作为内群，以及 6 种其他非叶蝉科 Auchenorrhyncha 作为外群）的完整线粒体基因组序列进行了系统发育分析。建立了六个数据集（PCG123R24、PCG123R2、PCG123、PCG12R24、PCG12R2、PCG12）来研究线粒体基因组 22 个 tRNA 和 13 个 PCGs 的第三个密码子对系统发育分析的影响。最大似然法和贝叶斯树都支持了 Delphacoidea 和 Fulgoroidea 超科的单系性。Delphacoidea 由沫蝉科和叶蝉科组成姐妹群，位于 Fulgoromorpha 的基部。在 Fulgoroidea 中，Meenoplidae 和 Kinnaridae、Dictyopharidae 和 Fulgoridae、Acanaloniidae 和 Tropiduchidae 是姐妹群，得到了强有力的支持。Caliscelidae 与叶蝉科的姊妹群 Lophopidae 关系密切，与缨翅目关系较近。扁蝽科、长蝽科、长蝽科和异蝽科关系密切。网翅目目地位不确定。当包含线粒体基因组的 22 个 tRNA 时，泥甲科和皮蠹科形成一个姐妹群。加入线粒体基因组的 tRNA 序列增强了科级节点的稳定性，并调整了一些系统发育位置，突出了加入 tRNA 在系统发育分析中的重要作用。包含或不包含 13 个 PCGs 的第三个密码子位置通常不会影响 Fulgoromorpha 的整体系统发育结构。
