Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 20;14(1):21942. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72841-x.
The seascape comprises multiple environmental variables that interact with species biology to determine patterns of spatial genetic variation. The environment imposes spatially variable selective forces together with homogenizing and diverging drivers that facilitate or restrict dispersal, which is a complex, time-dependent process. Understanding how the seascape influences spatial patterns of genetic variation remains elusive, particularly in coastal upwelling systems. Here, we combine genome-wide SNP data, Lagrangian larval dispersal simulated over a hydrodynamic model, and ocean environmental information to quantify the relative contribution of ocean circulation and environmental heterogeneity as drivers of the spatial genetic structure of two congeneric intertidal limpets, Scurria scurra and S. araucana, along the central coast of Chile. We find that a genetic break observed in both limpet species coincides with a break in connectivity shown by the Lagrangian dispersal, suggesting that mean ocean circulation is an important seascape feature, in particular for S. scurra. For S. araucana, environmental variation appears as a better predictor of genetic structure than ocean circulation. Overall, our study shows broad patterns of seascape forcing on genetic diversity and contributes to our understanding of the complex ecological and evolutionary interactions along coastal upwelling systems.
该海域景观由多个环境变量组成，这些变量与物种生物学相互作用，决定了空间遗传变异的模式。环境会施加空间变化的选择压力，同时还有同质化和发散化的驱动力，促进或限制扩散，而扩散是一个复杂的、依赖时间的过程。了解海域景观如何影响遗传变异的空间格局仍然难以捉摸，特别是在沿海上升流系统中。在这里，我们结合全基因组 SNP 数据、基于水动力模型模拟的拉格朗日幼虫扩散以及海洋环境信息，来量化海洋环流和环境异质性作为智利中部沿海两种潮间带石鳖 Scurria scurra 和 S. araucana 空间遗传结构驱动因素的相对贡献。我们发现，在这两种石鳖中观察到的遗传断裂与拉格朗日扩散显示的连通性断裂相吻合，这表明平均海洋环流是一个重要的海域景观特征，特别是对 S. scurra 而言。对于 S. araucana，环境变化似乎比海洋环流更能预测遗传结构。总的来说，我们的研究表明，海域景观对遗传多样性有广泛的影响，并有助于我们理解沿海上升流系统中复杂的生态和进化相互作用。
