School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
Horticulture Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Sep 20;24(1):874. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05543-1.
Global warming has greatly increased the impact of high temperatures on crops, resulting in reduced yields and increased mortality. This phenomenon is of significant importance to the rose flower industry because high-temperature stress leads to bud dormancy or even death, reducing ornamental value and incurring economic losses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the response and resistance of roses to high-temperature stress can serve as an important reference for cultivating high-temperature-stress-resistant roses.
To evaluate the impact of high temperatures on rose plants, we measured physiological indices in rose leaves following heat stress. Protein and chlorophyll contents were significantly decreased, whereas proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and peroxidase (POD) activity were increased. Subsequently, transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses identified 4,652 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 57 common differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) in rose plants from four groups. Enrichment analysis showed that DEGs and DAMs were primarily involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. The combined analysis of the DEGs and DAMs revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis pathway-related genes, such as chalcone isomerase (CHI), shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), flavonol synthase (FLS), and bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/flavanone 4-reductase (DFR), were downregulated after heat stress. Moreover, in the MAPK signaling pathway, the expression of genes related to jasmonic acid exhibited a decrease, but ethylene receptor (ETR/ERS), P-type Cu + transporter (RAN1), ethylene-insensitive protein 2/3 (EIN2), ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 (ERF1), and basic endochitinase B (ChiB), which are associated with the ethylene pathway, were mostly upregulated. Furthermore, heterologous overexpression of the heat stress-responsive gene RcHSP70 increased resistance to heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The results of this study indicated that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and plant hormones may be involved in high-temperature resistance in roses. Constitutive expression of RcHSP70 may contribute to increasing high-temperature tolerance. This study provides new insights into the genes and metabolites induced in roses in response to high temperature, and the results provide a reference for analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to heat stress in roses.
全球变暖极大地增加了高温对作物的影响，导致产量下降和死亡率增加。这种现象对玫瑰花卉产业具有重要意义，因为高温胁迫会导致花蕾休眠甚至死亡，降低观赏价值并造成经济损失。了解玫瑰对高温胁迫的响应和抗性的分子机制，可以为培育耐高温玫瑰提供重要参考。
为了评估高温对玫瑰植物的影响，我们在热胁迫后测量了玫瑰叶片的生理指标。蛋白质和叶绿素含量显著下降，而脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及过氧化物酶（POD）活性增加。随后，转录组学和代谢组学分析在来自四个组的玫瑰植物中鉴定出 4652 个共同差异表达基因（DEGs）和 57 个共同差异丰富代谢物（DAMs）。富集分析表明，DEGs 和 DAMs 主要参与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路、植物激素信号转导、α-亚麻酸代谢、苯丙素生物合成和类黄酮生物合成。DEGs 和 DAMs 的联合分析表明，类黄酮生物合成途径相关基因，如查尔酮异构酶（CHI）、莽草酸 O-羟基肉桂酰转移酶（HCT）、类黄酮合酶（FLS）和双功能二氢黄酮 4-还原酶/黄烷酮 4-还原酶（DFR），在热胁迫后下调。此外，在 MAPK 信号通路中，与茉莉酸相关的基因表达下降，但乙烯受体（ETR/ERS）、P 型 Cu+转运蛋白（RAN1）、乙烯不敏感蛋白 2/3（EIN2）、乙烯应答转录因子 1（ERF1）和碱性内几丁质酶 B（ChiB），与乙烯途径相关，大多上调。此外，热应激响应基因 RcHSP70 的异源过表达增加了拟南芥对热应激的抗性。
本研究结果表明，类黄酮生物合成途径、MAPK 信号通路和植物激素可能参与了玫瑰的高温抗性。RcHSP70 的组成型表达可能有助于提高高温耐受性。本研究为分析玫瑰高温胁迫抗性的分子机制提供了新的见解，为分析玫瑰高温胁迫抗性的分子机制提供了参考。
