El-Shall Nahed A, El-Naggar Karima, El-Kasrawy Nagwa I, Elblehi Samar S, Albadrani Ghadeer M, Al-Ghadi Muath Q, Abdel-Daim Mohamed M
Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21944, Egypt.
Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21944, Egypt.
Poult Sci. 2024 Dec;103(12):104283. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104283. Epub 2024 Aug 31.
Live vaccines containing Eimeria oocysts are commercially available to protect against avian coccidiosis. Additionally, probiotics (PRO) and prebiotics (PRE) improve the poultry productivity and health and can be used as anticoccidial substitutes. However, the impact of PRO and PRE on reproductive potential, lesion score, intestinal health, and immunization outcomes of the live coccidia vaccines has not received adequate attention. Five groups of unsexed 1-day-old broiler chicks were used as follows: negative control (NC); challenged control (CC); vaccinated and challenged (VC); vaccinated, PRO-treated, and challenged (V-PRO); and vaccinated, PRE-treated, and challenged (V-PRE). At 21 d post-vaccination (pv), the vaccine increased the count of cecal anaerobes (P ≤ 0.05) and coliforms (P > 0.05) as well as harmed body weight gain (WG) (P ≤ 0.05), cecal lactic acid bacteria (P ≤ 0.05), and plasma carotenoid level (P > 0.05). None of the additives decreased oocyst shedding after vaccination, although they lowered the middle intestine and cecal lesion scores (P > 0.05). Compared to VC (2.68 ± 0.12) and V-PRE (2.66 ± 0.05), the V-PRO group showed an improved carotenoid level pv (2.96 ± 0.05) (P ≤ 0.05). V-PRE exhibited higher WG (822.95 ± 18.25) (P > 0.05) and FI (1153.01 ± 10.02) (P ≤ 0.05) than VC (781.86 ± 25.16 and 1109.85 ± 33.68) and V-PRO pv (787.61 ± 19.92 and 1077.43 ± 15.99). Following the homologous coccidia challenge, coccidia-vaccinated broilers adminstered the PRO or PRE continued to exhibit protection levels comparable to those received the vaccine alone. During 2 weeks post-challenge, VC, V-PRO and V-PRE improved bird performance and reduced oocyst shedding and lesion scores compared to CC. Ultimately, PRO and PRE treatments did not significantly reverse the reduction in growth performance in broiler chickens vaccinated against coccidia during the 1st three weeks of age.
含有艾美耳球虫卵囊的活疫苗在市场上可用于预防禽球虫病。此外，益生菌（PRO）和益生元（PRE）可提高家禽的生产力和健康水平，并可用作抗球虫替代品。然而，PRO和PRE对活球虫疫苗的繁殖潜力、病变评分、肠道健康和免疫效果的影响尚未得到充分关注。使用五组1日龄未分性别的肉鸡雏鸡，分组如下：阴性对照（NC）；攻毒对照（CC）；接种疫苗并攻毒（VC）；接种疫苗、经PRO处理并攻毒（V-PRO）；接种疫苗、经PRE处理并攻毒（V-PRE）。在接种疫苗后21天（pv），疫苗增加了盲肠厌氧菌数量（P≤0.05）和大肠菌群数量（P>0.05），并损害了体重增加（WG）（P≤0.05）、盲肠乳酸菌数量（P≤0.05）和血浆类胡萝卜素水平（P>0.05）。尽管添加剂降低了中肠和盲肠病变评分（P>0.05），但没有一种添加剂能减少接种疫苗后的卵囊排出量。与VC组（2.68±0.12）和V-PRE组（2.66±0.05）相比，V-PRO组在接种疫苗后类胡萝卜素水平有所提高（2.96±0.05）（P≤0.05）。V-PRE组的WG（822.95±18.25）（P>0.05）和FI（1153.01±10.02）（P≤0.05）高于VC组（781.86±25.16和1109.85±33.68）以及V-PRO组接种疫苗后（787.61±19.92和1077.43±15.99）。在同源球虫攻毒后，接种球虫疫苗并给予PRO或PRE的肉鸡继续表现出与仅接种疫苗的肉鸡相当的保护水平。在攻毒后2周内，与CC组相比，VC组、V-PRO组和V-PRE组的鸡生长性能提高，卵囊排出量和病变评分降低。最终，PRO和PRE处理并未显著逆转1至3周龄接种球虫疫苗的肉鸡生长性能的下降。
