Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Elbehira 22758, Egypt.
Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
Poult Sci. 2022 Jan;101(1):101542. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101542. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
Avian coccidiosis is a major parasitic disorder in chickens resulting from the intracellular apicomplexan protozoa Eimeria that target the intestinal tract leading to a devastating disease. Eimeria life cycle is complex and consists of intra- and extracellular stages inducing a potent inflammatory response that results in tissue damage associated with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, diarrheal hemorrhage, poor growth, increased susceptibility to other disease agents, and in severe cases, mortality. Various anticoccidial drugs and vaccines have been used to prevent and control this disorder; however, many drawbacks have been reported. Drug residues concerning the consumers have directed research toward natural, safe, and effective alternative compounds. Phytochemical/herbal medicine is one of these natural alternatives to anticoccidial drugs, which is considered an attractive way to combat coccidiosis in compliance with the "anticoccidial chemical-free" regulations. The anticoccidial properties of several natural herbal products (or their extracts) have been reported. The effect of herbal additives on avian coccidiosis is based on diminishing the oocyst output through inhibition or impairment of the invasion, replication, and development of Eimeria species in the gut tissues of chickens; lowering oocyst counts due to the presence of phenolic compounds in herbal extracts which reacts with cytoplasmic membranes causing coccidial cell death; ameliorating the degree of intestinal lipid peroxidation; facilitating the repair of epithelial injuries; and decreasing the intestinal permeability induced by Eimeria species through the upregulation of epithelial turnover. This current review highlights the anticoccidial activity of several herbal products, and their other beneficial effects.
禽类球虫病是一种主要的寄生虫病，由肠道内的顶复门原虫艾美耳属引起，会导致严重的疾病。艾美耳属的生命周期很复杂，包括体内和体外阶段，会引发强烈的炎症反应，导致与氧化应激和脂质过氧化、腹泻性出血、生长不良、对其他病原体易感性增加以及在严重情况下导致死亡相关的组织损伤。已经使用了各种抗球虫药物和疫苗来预防和控制这种疾病；然而，已经报道了许多缺点。关于消费者的药物残留促使人们研究天然、安全和有效的替代化合物。植物化学/草药医学是抗球虫药物的这些天然替代品之一，被认为是一种符合“无抗球虫化学物质”规定的控制球虫病的有吸引力的方法。已经报道了几种天然草药产品（或其提取物）的抗球虫特性。草药添加剂对禽类球虫病的影响基于通过抑制或损害艾美耳属在鸡肠道组织中的入侵、复制和发育来减少卵囊的排出；由于草药提取物中的酚类化合物与细胞质膜反应导致卵囊死亡，从而降低卵囊计数；减轻肠道脂质过氧化的程度；促进上皮损伤的修复；并通过上调上皮细胞更新来降低艾美耳属引起的肠道通透性。这篇综述强调了几种草药产品的抗球虫活性及其其他有益作用。
