Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2024 Aug 1;27(8):427-438. doi: 10.34172/aim.28863.
Brain drain is an issue of concern in developing countries. Many factors are involved in this issue, and their identification can be a good guide for decision-makers at different management levels. Therefore, the present study was carried out to identify the factors affecting brain drain and solutions to reduce it in Iran's health system.
The data for this qualitative study was collected in 2023 through 15 semi-structured interviews with Iranian health experts and emigrant elites. Interviews were collected both face-to-face and virtually (on Skype and Google Meet) and analyzed using the thematic content analysis method.
Data analysis of the factors affecting brain drain in Iran's health system yielded seven main categories and 45 subcategories. The main categories were "individual factors," "economic factors," "social and cultural factors," "organizational and administrative factors," "political factors," "attraction factors for destination countries," and "attraction factors of destination countries for elites." Also, the solutions were divided into four categories of "economic," "social," "organizational and scientific," and "political" factors and 19 subcategories.
Due to the increase in brain drain in recent years, it is necessary to make a serious decision in dealing with this issue. Solutions such as creating stable economic conditions, creating an atmosphere of hope, increasing respect and dignity for elite students by politicians, using the elites in macro-decisions, and creating the job rank for honorary professors can lead to reducing brain drain and decreasing the costs of the health system.
人才流失是发展中国家关注的问题。许多因素都涉及到这个问题，识别这些因素可以为不同管理层面的决策者提供很好的指导。因此，本研究旨在确定影响伊朗卫生系统人才流失的因素，并找到减少人才流失的解决方案。
本研究采用定性研究方法，于 2023 年通过对 15 名伊朗卫生专家和移民精英的半结构式访谈收集数据。访谈采用面对面和虚拟（Skype 和 Google Meet）两种方式进行，采用主题内容分析法进行分析。
对伊朗卫生系统人才流失影响因素的数据分析得出了七个主要类别和 45 个子类别。主要类别包括“个人因素”、“经济因素”、“社会文化因素”、“组织管理因素”、“政治因素”、“目的地国家的吸引因素”和“目的地国家对精英的吸引因素”。解决方案分为“经济”、“社会”、“组织和科学”以及“政治”四个类别，包括 19 个子类别。
由于近年来人才流失的增加，有必要在处理这个问题上做出认真的决策。通过创造稳定的经济条件、营造希望的氛围、提高政治家对精英学生的尊重和尊严、在宏观决策中利用精英以及为名誉教授创造职位等解决方案，可以减少人才流失，降低卫生系统的成本。
