Department of Ultrasound, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570311, P. R. China.
Materdicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
Adv Mater. 2024 Nov;36(46):e2409663. doi: 10.1002/adma.202409663. Epub 2024 Sep 23.
Low-intensity ultrasound-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which, by design, integrates sonosensitizers and molecular oxygen to generate therapeutic substances (e.g., toxic hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, or singlet oxygen) at disease sites, has shown enormous potential for the effective treatment of a variety of diseases. Nanoscale sonosensitizers play a crucial role in the SDT process because their structural, compositional, physicochemical, and biological characteristics are key determinants of therapeutic efficacy. In particular, advances in materials science and nanotechnology have invigorated a series of optimization strategies for augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of nanosonosensitizers. This comprehensive review systematically summarizes, discusses, and highlights state-of-the-art studies on the current achievements of nanosonosensitizer optimization in enhanced sonodynamic disease treatment, with an emphasis on the general design principles of nanosonosensitizers and their optimization strategies, mainly including organic and inorganic nanosonosensitizers. Additionally, recent advancements in optimized nanosonosensitizers for therapeutic applications aimed at treating various diseases, such as cancer, bacterial infections, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune diseases, are clarified in detail. Furthermore, the biological effects of the improved nanosonosensitizers for versatile SDT applications are thoroughly discussed. The review concludes by highlighting the current challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly evolving research field to expedite its practical clinical translation and application.
低强度超声介导的声动力学疗法（SDT）通过设计将声敏剂和分子氧整合到一起，在疾病部位产生治疗物质（如有毒的羟基自由基、超氧阴离子或单线态氧），为治疗各种疾病提供了巨大的潜力。纳米尺度的声敏剂在 SDT 过程中起着至关重要的作用，因为它们的结构、组成、物理化学和生物学特性是治疗效果的关键决定因素。特别是，材料科学和纳米技术的进步为增强纳米声敏剂的治疗效果提供了一系列优化策略。本综述系统地总结、讨论和强调了纳米声敏剂优化在增强声动力学疾病治疗方面的最新研究进展，重点介绍了纳米声敏剂的一般设计原则及其优化策略，主要包括有机和无机纳米声敏剂。此外，还详细阐明了针对癌症、细菌感染、动脉粥样硬化和自身免疫性疾病等各种疾病治疗的优化纳米声敏剂的最新进展。此外，还深入讨论了改进的纳米声敏剂在各种 SDT 应用中的生物学效应。最后，突出了该快速发展的研究领域当前面临的挑战和未来的机遇，以加速其实际的临床转化和应用。
