Pairing Oxygen Reduction and Water Oxidation for Dual-Pathway HO Production.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a crucial chemical applied in various industry sectors. However, the current industrial anthraquinone process for HO synthesis is carbon-intensive. With sunlight and renewable electricity as energy inputs, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis have great potential for green HO production from oxygen (O) and water (HO). Herein, we review the advances in pairing two-electron O reduction and two-electron HO oxidation reactions for dual-pathway HO synthesis. The basic principles, paired redox reactions, and catalytic device configurations are introduced initially. Aligning with the energy input, the latest photocatalysts, electrocatalysts, and photo-electrocatalysts for dual-pathway HO production are discussed afterward. Finally, we outlook the research opportunities in the future. This minireview aims to provide insights and guidelines for the broad community who are interested in catalyst design and innovative technology for on-site HO synthesis.