Tribby Calvin P, Graubard Barry I, Berrigan David
Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Transp Health. 2020 Dec;19. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100918. Epub 2020 Oct 18.
Walking is a common form of physical activity and is the most frequent way to access public transit. On-going changes in the US transportation system are occurring, notably increases in smartphone application-based ridesharing. The goal of this research is to assess whether increasing use of ridesharing was associated with a change in transit-related walking. This is important to both public health and transportation, as it can inform changes in active transportation which promotes both physical activity and transit use.
We examined the association between change in transit use, transit-related walking, and ridesharing nationally and for selected metropolitan areas using the 2009 and 2017 National Household Travel Survey (≥18 years; n = 263,572 and n = 230,592, respectively). Analyses were conducted in 2019. Covariates included sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, employment, work from home, household size, number of vehicles, population density, Census region, metro area size and heavy rail transit category and season.
The national prevalence of transit use in the past month in 2009 was 16.9% (95% CI: 16.4%-17.4%) and in 2017 was 16.1% (15.6%-16.6%), a significant decrease (p < 0.02). The prevalence of daily transit-related walking in 2009 was 4.2% (4.0%-4.4%) and in 2017 was 4.4% (4.2%-4.6%; p = 0.22). The prevalence of daily taxi use in 2009 was 0.5% (0.4%-0.6%) and taxi/rideshare in 2017 was 1.1% (1.0%-1.2%), a significant increase (p < 0.0001). The relationships remained after covariate adjustment. Finally, there was not a significant change in transit-related walking or interaction between year and taxi/rideshare use after additional adjustment for taxi/rideshare. Changes in transit-related walking in metros were largely not significant, whereas increases in taxi/rideshare were largely significant.
Results suggest that increased use of ridesharing may not be linked with changes in transit-related walking. Continued surveillance of travel mode prevalence is required to track potential reductions in population-level physical activity with technology-related changes in travel.
步行是一种常见的体育活动形式，也是乘坐公共交通最常用的方式。美国交通系统正在持续发生变化，尤其是基于智能手机应用的拼车服务使用量有所增加。本研究的目的是评估拼车服务使用量的增加是否与公共交通相关步行的变化有关。这对公共卫生和交通都很重要，因为它可以为促进体育活动和公共交通使用的主动交通方式的变化提供参考。
我们使用2009年和2017年全国家庭出行调查（年龄≥18岁；分别为n = 263,572和n = 230,592），研究了全国以及选定大都市地区公共交通使用变化、公共交通相关步行和拼车服务之间的关联。分析于2019年进行。协变量包括性别、年龄、种族/民族、教育程度、就业情况、在家工作情况、家庭规模、车辆数量、人口密度、人口普查区域、都市区规模、重轨交通类别和季节。
2009年过去一个月内公共交通使用的全国患病率为16.9%（95%置信区间：16.4%-17.4%），2017年为16.1%（15.6%-16.6%），显著下降（p < 0.02）。2009年每日公共交通相关步行的患病率为4.2%（4.0%-4.4%），2017年为4.4%（4.2%-4.6%；p = 0.22）。2009年每日出租车使用的患病率为0.5%（0.4%-0.6%），2017年出租车/拼车服务的患病率为1.1%（1.0%-1.2%），显著增加（p < 0.0001）。在进行协变量调整后，这些关系仍然存在。最后，在对出租车/拼车服务进行额外调整后，公共交通相关步行或年份与出租车/拼车服务使用之间的交互作用没有显著变化。大都市区公共交通相关步行的变化大多不显著，而出租车/拼车服务的增加大多显著。
结果表明，拼车服务使用量的增加可能与公共交通相关步行的变化无关。需要持续监测出行方式患病率，以跟踪随着出行技术相关变化而可能出现的人群体育活动减少情况。
