Besser Lilah M, Dannenberg Andrew L
Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2005 Nov;29(4):273-80. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.010.
Nearly half of Americans do not meet the Surgeon General's recommendation of > or =30 minutes of physical activity daily. Some transit users may achieve 30 minutes of physical activity daily solely by walking to and from transit. This study estimates the total daily time spent walking to and from transit and the predictors of achieving 30 minutes of physical activity daily by doing so.
Transit-associated walking times for 3312 transit users were examined among the 105,942 adult respondents to the 2001 National Household Travel Survey, a telephone-based survey sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation to assess American travel behavior.
Americans who use transit spend a median of 19 minutes daily walking to and from transit; 29% achieve > or =30 minutes of physical activity a day solely by walking to and from transit. In multivariate analysis, rail users, minorities, people in households earning <$15,000 a year, and people in high-density urban areas were more likely to spend > or =30 minutes walking to and from transit daily.
Walking to and from public transportation can help physically inactive populations, especially low-income and minority groups, attain the recommended level of daily physical activity. Increased access to public transit may help promote and maintain active lifestyles. Results from this study may contribute to health impact assessment studies (HIA) that evaluate the impact of proposed public transit systems on physical activity levels, and thereby may influence choices made by transportation planners.
近一半的美国人未达到美国卫生局局长建议的每日进行至少30分钟体育活动的标准。一些乘坐公共交通的人可能仅通过往返于公共交通站点的步行就能达到每日30分钟的体育活动量。本研究估算了往返于公共交通站点的每日步行总时长以及通过这种方式达到每日30分钟体育活动量的预测因素。
在2001年全国家庭出行调查的105942名成年受访者中，对3312名公共交通使用者与公共交通相关的步行时间进行了调查，该调查是由美国运输部发起的一项基于电话的调查，旨在评估美国人的出行行为。
使用公共交通的美国人往返于公共交通站点的步行时间中位数为每日19分钟；29%的人仅通过往返于公共交通站点的步行就能达到每日至少30分钟的体育活动量。在多变量分析中，铁路使用者、少数族裔、年收入低于15000美元家庭的成员以及高密度城市地区的居民更有可能每日往返于公共交通站点的步行时间达到或超过30分钟。
往返于公共交通站点的步行有助于缺乏体育活动的人群，尤其是低收入和少数族裔群体，达到建议的每日体育活动水平。增加公共交通的可达性可能有助于促进和维持积极的生活方式。本研究结果可能有助于健康影响评估研究（HIA），该研究评估拟议的公共交通系统对体育活动水平的影响，从而可能影响交通规划者做出的选择。
