George Sherin Sara, Elenjickal Manju George, Naik Sachin, Thomas Nebu George, Vellappally Sajith, Varghese Nibu, Mathew Aby, Narayan Vivek, Varughese Rinsy P, Anil Sukumaran
Pratheeksha Child Development Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, India.
Dr. Somson's Dental Clinic- Centre for Advanced Dental Care, Pazhavangadi PO, Ranny, 689673, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 10;10(18):e37728. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37728. eCollection 2024 Sep 30.
To evaluate oral health care practices, health status, and dental treatment needs in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
This cross-sectional study included 96 children diagnosed with ASD per the DSM-V criteria and 96 typically developing healthy children. The WHO form assessed oral health status and dental treatment needs.
Over 50 % of ASD children had mild/moderate autism, 35.4 % had severe autism, and 13.5 % had autistic traits. ASD children experienced more toothbrushing difficulties compared to non-ASD children. Based on Nyvad's criteria and decayed/filled teeth (dft) index, non-ASD children had higher caries prevalence than ASD children, indicating less need for restorative treatments in the ASD group. However, ASD children had poorer plaque scores than non-ASD children. A significantly higher percentage of ASD children exhibited harmful oral behaviors, including mouth breathing, lip biting, bruxism, nail biting, object biting, and self-injury (p < 0.001). ASD children also showed increased traumatic dental injuries compared to non-ASD children.
Compared to non-ASD peers, children with ASD have lower dental caries prevalence and less need for restorations, yet poorer plaque control. They also demonstrate more frequent oral self-injuries. ASD status appears related to toothbrushing difficulties. These findings highlight the need for tailored oral health interventions for children with ASD.
评估自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的口腔保健行为、健康状况及牙科治疗需求。
这项横断面研究纳入了96名根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-V）标准诊断为ASD的儿童以及96名发育正常的健康儿童。采用世界卫生组织的表格评估口腔健康状况和牙科治疗需求。
超过50%的ASD儿童患有轻度/中度自闭症，35.4%患有重度自闭症，13.5%具有自闭症特征。与非ASD儿童相比，ASD儿童在刷牙方面存在更多困难。根据尼瓦德标准和龋失补牙（dft）指数，非ASD儿童的龋齿患病率高于ASD儿童，这表明ASD组对修复治疗的需求较少。然而，ASD儿童的菌斑评分比非ASD儿童差。ASD儿童出现有害口腔行为（包括口呼吸、咬唇、磨牙、咬指甲、咬物品和自我伤害）的比例显著更高（p < 0.001）。与非ASD儿童相比，ASD儿童的牙外伤也有所增加。
与非ASD同龄人相比，ASD儿童的龋齿患病率较低，修复需求较少，但菌斑控制较差。他们还表现出更频繁的口腔自我伤害行为。ASD状态似乎与刷牙困难有关。这些发现凸显了为ASD儿童提供量身定制的口腔健康干预措施的必要性。
