Yin Hanmo, Wang Mengmeng, Chen Changming, Suo Tao
Faculty of Education, Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Institute of Cognition, Brain, and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Business School, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China.
Biol Psychol. 2024 Nov;193:108876. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108876. Epub 2024 Sep 21.
A near-miss is a situation in which a gambler almost wins but falls short by a small margin, which motivates gambling by making it feel like success is within reach. Existing research has extensively investigated the influence of contextual information on near-miss outcome processing; however, the impact of reward expectancy has received limited attention thus far. To address this gap, we utilized the wheel of fortune task and event-related potential technique (ERP) to quantify the electrophysiological responses associated with gambling outcomes at different levels of reward expectancy. Behaviorally, near-miss outcomes elicited a greater occurrence of counterfactual thoughts, feelings of regret, and heightened anticipation of rewards for subsequent trials compared to full-miss outcomes. ERP findings indicated that in contrast to full-miss outcomes, near-miss outcomes diminished feedback-related negativities (FRNs) and amplified P300s when reward expectancy was low, but amplified FRNs and diminished P300s when reward expectancy was high. These findings provide valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of outcome proximity and reward expectancy.
险些成功是指赌徒几乎获胜但仅以微弱差距落败的情况，这种情况会让人觉得成功触手可及，从而激发赌博行为。现有研究广泛探讨了情境信息对险些成功结果处理的影响；然而，到目前为止，奖励预期的影响受到的关注有限。为了填补这一空白，我们利用幸运大转盘任务和事件相关电位技术（ERP）来量化与不同奖励预期水平下赌博结果相关的电生理反应。在行为上，与完全失败的结果相比，险些成功的结果引发了更多的反事实思维、遗憾情绪以及对后续试验奖励的更高期待。ERP研究结果表明，与完全失败的结果相比，当奖励预期较低时，险些成功的结果会减少反馈相关负波（FRN）并增强P300；而当奖励预期较高时，则会增强FRN并减弱P300。这些发现为结果接近程度和奖励预期处理背后的神经机制提供了有价值的见解。
