What Dietary Vitamins and Minerals Might Be Associated with Paraoxonase-1 Serum Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease?

Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is an antioxidant enzyme inversely associated with atherosclerosis incidence. Dietary antioxidants help to increase PON-1 serum levels. Since most vitamins and minerals have antioxidant properties, this research aimed to examine the association between PON-1 serum levels and dietary intake of vitamins and minerals in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In this cross-sectional study, 102 inpatients with CAD and 60 healthy individuals participated. The average dietary vitamins and minerals intake were computed using information from the food frequency questionnaire with the assistance of Nutritionist IV software. The serum PON-1 level was measured using the ELISA method. Regarding minerals, serum PON-1 level was positively correlated with dietary calcium (β = 0.57, p = 0.001), phosphorus (β = 0.52, p = 0.004), and potassium intake (β = 0.40, p = 0.03), but inversely associated with dietary consumption of iron (β =  - 0.43, p = 0.04), and sodium (β =  - 0.41, p = 0.02). Concerning vitamins, serum levels of PON-1 were positively associated with vitamin B6 (β = 0.53, p = 0.01) and riboflavin (β = 0.44, p = 0.03) but inversely correlated with niacin (β =  - 0.49, p = 0.03). The serum level of PON-1 might be associated with the dietary intake of minerals and vitamins. Therefore, a diet rich in certain minerals and vitamins may be advantageous in increasing serum PON-1 levels and preventing CAD.