Al-Binali Fatima, Dargham Soha R, Mahfoud Ziyad R
Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, NY, USA.
Tob Use Insights. 2024 Sep 18;17:1179173X241283468. doi: 10.1177/1179173X241283468. eCollection 2024.
Adolescent tobacco and E-cigarette use have been rising globally in the past decade. Iraq's post-war conflict and economic crises posed psychosocial and mental health trauma, contributing to increased vulnerability to drug and substance use among adolescents. This study looks to assess the potential relationship between current tobacco and E-cigarette smoking and exposure to smoking at home and school among Iraqi adolescents attending schools. Data analysis for the 2019 Iraq Global Youth Tobacco Survey, a cross-sectional study completed by 2560 Iraqi adolescents aged 11 to 17 years old was conducted. The survey tool which includes demographic, tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco use questions is anonymous and self-administered using paper-based bubble sheets that are scannable. Current tobacco and E-cigarette use (defined as past 30-days) were the main outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the main outcomes and the following variables: participants' demographics, exposure to smoking, attitude and knowledge scores. Current tobacco and E-cigarette smoking prevalence among Iraqi adolescents attending school were 14.9% (95% CI: 13.5%-16.4%) and 9.7% (95% CI: 8.6%-11.0%), respectively. Exposure to smoking at home was high among fathers (39.1%), mothers (13.9%), siblings smoke (23.9%), other individuals smoke (56.1%). The percentages of students who witnessed people smoking within school premises was 45.7% and observed teachers smoking in schools was 57.6%. The current use of tobacco smoking among Iraqi adolescents was significantly and positively associated with exposure to smoking by the father (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.05-1.85), mother (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.30-2.60), sibling (AOR = 3.50; 95% CI: 2.62-4.67), teacher (AOR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.10-1.98), and people in school (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.57-2.53). Similarly, the current use of E-cigarettes was significantly associated with father smoking (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.29-3.16), sibling smoking (AOR = 3.09; 95% CI: 2.04-4.67), and people smoking in school (AOR2.02; 95% CI: 1.39-2.95). Stricter policies need to be enforced to ensure safer school environments that do not expose adolescents to smoking habits of teachers or other students.
在过去十年中，全球青少年烟草和电子烟使用率一直在上升。伊拉克战后冲突和经济危机造成了心理社会和心理健康创伤，导致青少年更容易染上毒品和药物滥用。本研究旨在评估伊拉克在校青少年当前吸烟和吸电子烟与在家及学校接触吸烟之间的潜在关系。对2019年伊拉克全球青少年烟草调查进行了数据分析，这是一项横断面研究，由2560名11至17岁的伊拉克青少年完成。该调查工具包括人口统计学、烟草使用、对烟草使用的知识和态度等问题，采用可扫描的纸质气泡表进行匿名自填。当前烟草和电子烟使用情况（定义为过去30天内）是主要结果。使用单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型来评估主要结果与以下变量之间的关系：参与者的人口统计学特征、接触吸烟情况、态度和知识得分。伊拉克在校青少年当前吸烟和吸电子烟的患病率分别为14.9%（95%置信区间：13.5%-16.4%）和9.7%（95%置信区间：8.6%-11.0%）。在家中接触吸烟的情况在父亲中较高（39.1%）、母亲中（13.9%）、兄弟姐妹吸烟（23.9%）、其他个人吸烟（56.1%）。在学校场所目睹他人吸烟的学生比例为45.7%，观察到教师在学校吸烟的比例为57.6%。伊拉克青少年当前吸烟与父亲吸烟（调整后比值比[AOR]=1.39；95%置信区间：1.05-1.85）、母亲吸烟（AOR=1.84；95%置信区间：1.30-2.60）、兄弟姐妹吸烟（AOR=3.50；95%置信区间：2.62-4.67）、教师吸烟（AOR=1.48；95%置信区间：1.10-1.98）以及学校其他人吸烟（AOR=1.99；95%置信区间：1.57-2.53）显著正相关。同样，当前使用电子烟与父亲吸烟（AOR=2.02；95%置信区间：1.29-3.16）、兄弟姐妹吸烟（AOR=3.09；95%置信区间：2.04-4.67）以及学校其他人吸烟（AOR=2.02；95%置信区间：1.39-2.95）显著相关。需要实施更严格的政策，以确保学校环境更安全，使青少年不会接触到教师或其他学生的吸烟习惯。
