Hussain Zainab, Sullivan Richard
King's Centre for Global Health, Conflict and Health Research Group, King's College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK.
King's College London, Conflict and Health Research Group, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
Ecancermedicalscience. 2017 Apr 28;11:735. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2017.735. eCollection 2017.
Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death in the world, claiming six million lives each year. Although smoking prevalence is decreasing in high-income countries, many low- and middle-income countries, particularly fragile and post-conflict nations such as Iraq, are still seeing prevalence rates rising. With the evidence of higher rates of nicotine dependence in conflict and post-conflict areas, the tobacco problem only becomes more difficult for Iraq, which finds itself involved in conflicts lasting years, if not decades. Terrorism and unstable governments, as well as Big Tobacco, create large roadblocks on the route to adequate tobacco control. However, some tobacco control efforts have been successful in other post-conflict settings, demonstrating that with good governance, many of these roadblocks can be overcome. This review explores the context of tobacco control strategies in Iraq, identifies problems/issues, and discusses possible resolutions using some examples from other post-conflict countries.
烟草是全球可预防死亡的首要原因，每年导致600万人死亡。尽管高收入国家的吸烟率在下降，但许多低收入和中等收入国家，尤其是伊拉克等脆弱和冲突后国家，吸烟率仍在上升。鉴于冲突地区和冲突后地区尼古丁依赖率较高的证据，烟草问题对伊拉克来说只会变得更加棘手，因为伊拉克陷入了持续数年甚至数十年的冲突之中。恐怖主义、不稳定的政府以及烟草巨头在实现充分烟草控制的道路上设置了巨大障碍。然而，一些烟草控制努力在其他冲突后环境中取得了成功，这表明通过良好的治理，许多此类障碍是可以克服的。本综述探讨了伊拉克烟草控制策略的背景，识别问题，并借鉴其他冲突后国家的一些例子讨论可能的解决方案。
