Dasauni Khushboo, Nailwal Tapan K, Nenavathu Bhavani Prasad Naik
Department of Biotechnology, Sir J.C. Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal-263136, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand-India.
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Delhi-110006-India.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 11;10(18):e37797. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37797. eCollection 2024 Sep 30.
This study reports green synthesis of sulphur nanoparticles using sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (NaSO5HO) and leaf extracts. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the crystallinity of the particles and morphological characteristics, proved both spherical and rod-shaped morphology of the S NPs having porous nature. The FTIR spectra revealed the interaction of the synthesized SNPs with the biomolecules present in the leaf extract. UV-VIS spectral investigations confirmed the production of SNPs from leaf extract and that these SNPs can be used for visible region photocatalysis for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum of the SNP shows a single peak around 2.4 keV, confirmed S NPs purity. TEM image revealed the formation of mainly nanorods having a width of ∼20-25 nm and a length of 50-100 nm. Furthermore, some spherical particles (∼20-30 nm) were also formed. HRTEM image of the rod-shaped particles clearly shows the crystal fringe spacing of 0.38 nm. Further, disc diffusion method (DDM) was used to check the antibacterial activity of S NPs against gram-positive (MTCC737) 18 ± 0.12 mm and gram-negative bacteria against (MTCC443) 21.5 ± 0.12 mm, (MTCC1522) 19.1 ± 0.12 mm, (MTCC3384) 17.8 ± 0.10 mm. Among all the strains of bacteria, (MTCC443) showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 21.5 ± 0.12 mm and its antibacterial activity is somewhat like streptomycin sulfate. These SNPs also promote growth of in pot experiment, resulting in a 30 % increase in biomass, 90 cm in shoot length and 28 cm in root length and higher fresh and dry weight (50g and 20g, respectively) with 1.0 mg mL NPs treatment. In addition, SEM-EDX confirmed the accumulation of nanomaterial in plant leaves. This environmentally friendly approach to SNP synthesis using extracts demonstrates both potent antibacterial properties and plant growth-promoting effects, making it a promising solution for agriculture and biomedicine.
本研究报道了使用五水硫代硫酸钠（Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O）和植物叶提取物绿色合成硫纳米颗粒。采用X射线衍射（XRD）图谱和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）来检测颗粒的结晶度和形态特征，结果证明了具有多孔性质的硫纳米颗粒呈球形和棒状形态。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）显示了合成的硫纳米颗粒与叶提取物中存在的生物分子之间的相互作用。紫外-可见光谱研究证实了从叶提取物中产生了硫纳米颗粒，并且这些硫纳米颗粒可用于可见光区域的光催化以去除废水中的污染物。硫纳米颗粒的能量色散X射线（EDX）光谱在约2.4 keV处显示出一个单峰，证实了硫纳米颗粒的纯度。透射电子显微镜（TEM）图像显示主要形成了宽度约为20 - 25 nm、长度为50 - 100 nm的纳米棒。此外，还形成了一些球形颗粒（约20 - 30 nm）。棒状颗粒的高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）图像清楚地显示出晶体条纹间距为0.38 nm。此外，采用纸片扩散法（DDM）检测硫纳米颗粒对革兰氏阳性菌（MTCC737）的抑菌圈为18 ± 0.12 mm，对革兰氏阴性菌（MTCC443）的抑菌圈为21.5 ± 0.12 mm、（MTCC1522）为19.1 ± 0.12 mm、（MTCC3384）为17.8 ± 0.10 mm。在所有细菌菌株中，（MTCC443）显示出最大抑菌圈为21.5 ± 0.12 mm，其抗菌活性有点类似于硫酸链霉素。这些硫纳米颗粒在盆栽实验中还促进了植物生长，在1.0 mg/mL硫纳米颗粒处理下，生物量增加了30%，茎长达到90 cm，根长达到28 cm，鲜重和干重更高（分别为50 g和20 g）。此外，扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线（SEM-EDX）证实了纳米材料在植物叶片中的积累。这种使用植物提取物合成硫纳米颗粒的环保方法展示了强大的抗菌性能和促进植物生长的效果，使其成为农业和生物医学领域有前景的解决方案。
