Gao Shansong, Qiu Huiling, Chen Fu, Yang Guoming, Hou Lele, Dong Jihong, Dong Wenxuan
Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China.
Department of Life Sciences, Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, Shandong Province, China.
Poult Sci. 2024 Dec;103(12):104312. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104312. Epub 2024 Sep 7.
Selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SSC) as organic selenium (Se) has been shown to have better advantages and is approved for use in animal feed rather than inorganic Se, however, there is little available data on the toxic effects of SSC on poultry. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of high-dose SSC on growth performance, antioxidant status, tissue fat content and Se concentration, and selenoenzyme mRNA expression in chicks. A total of 500, 1-day-old SPF chicks were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 replicates of 10 chicks each. Group 1 served as a control and was fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg Se from sodium selenite (SS), group 2 was fed the basic diet supplemented with 1.5 mg/kg Se from SS, while groups 3, 4, and 5 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg Se from SSC, respectively. The results showed that SS and SSC supplementation significantly affected the average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed/gain ratio (FCR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, tissue fat content and Se concentration, and GPx1 and GPx4 mRNA levels compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with group 2, group 3 exhibited higher GPx and SOD activities, tissue Se concentration, and lower MDA content on d 30, and higher Se concentration, GPx1 mRNA levels in liver and breast muscle and GPx4 mRNA levels in liver and thigh muscle, and lower MDA content on d 60 (P < 0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that high-dose SSC supplementation was positively correlated with AFDI, FCR, MDA content, and tissue Se concentration, and negatively correlated with GPx and SOD activities, T-AOC, GPx1 and GPx4 mRNA levels in tissues. In conclusion, up to 1.5 mg/kg Se from SSC in diet may be a safe concentration for chicks that exhibited better biological effects than SS, the toxic effects of high-dose SSC supplementation mainly exhibited growth decrease, peroxidation and lipid metabolism disturbance, and became stronger with the increase of dietary Se levels.
富硒酿酒酵母（SSC）作为有机硒已显示出更好的优势，并被批准用于动物饲料，而非无机硒。然而，关于SSC对家禽毒性作用的可用数据很少。本研究旨在探讨高剂量SSC对雏鸡生长性能、抗氧化状态、组织脂肪含量和硒浓度以及硒酶mRNA表达的影响。总共500只1日龄SPF雏鸡被随机分为5组，每组10个重复，每个重复10只雏鸡。第1组作为对照组，饲喂补充有0.15mg/kg亚硒酸钠（SS）硒的基础日粮；第2组饲喂补充有1.5mg/kg SS硒的基础日粮；而第3、4和5组分别饲喂补充有1.5、5和10mg/kg SSC硒的基础日粮。结果表明，与对照组相比，补充SS和SSC显著影响平均日采食量（ADFI）、料重比（FCR）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、组织脂肪含量和硒浓度以及GPx1和GPx4 mRNA水平（P<0.05）。与第2组相比，第3组在第30天时表现出更高的GPx和SOD活性、组织硒浓度以及更低的MDA含量，在第60天时表现出更高的硒浓度、肝脏和胸肌中GPx1 mRNA水平以及肝脏和大腿肌肉中GPx4 mRNA水平以及更低的MDA含量（P<0.05）。相关性分析结果表明，高剂量补充SSC与AFDI、FCR、MDA含量和组织硒浓度呈正相关，与组织中GPx和SOD活性、T-AOC、GPx1和GPx4 mRNA水平呈负相关。总之，日粮中高达1.5mg/kg SSC的硒对雏鸡可能是一个安全浓度，其表现出比SS更好的生物学效应，高剂量补充SSC的毒性作用主要表现为生长下降、过氧化和脂质代谢紊乱，并且随着日粮硒水平的增加而增强。
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