Schini-Kerth Valérie B, Diouf Ibrahima, Muzammel Hira, Said Amissi, Auger Cyril
Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, UR 3074, CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Regenerative Nanomedicine, INSERM UMR 1260, CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2025;287:33-60. doi: 10.1007/164_2024_721.
Maintaining good vascular health is a major component in healthy ageing as it reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction, in particular, is a key mechanism in the development of major cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Recently, endothelial senescence has emerged as a pivotal early event in age-related endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial function is characterized by an imbalance between the endothelial formation of vasoprotective mechanisms, including the formation of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization responses, and an increased level of oxidative stress involving several pro-oxidant enzymes such as NADPH oxidases and, often also, the appearance of cyclooxygenase-derived vasoconstrictors. Pre-clinical studies have indicated that natural products, in particular several polyphenol-rich foods, can trigger activating pathways in endothelial cells promoting an increased formation of NO and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. In addition, some can even exert beneficial effects on endothelial senescence. Moreover, some of these products have been associated with the prevention and/or improvement of established endothelial dysfunction in several experimental models of cardiovascular diseases and in humans with cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, intake of certain natural products, such as dietary and plant-derived polyphenol-rich products, appears to be an attractive approach for a healthy vascular system in ageing.
保持良好的血管健康是健康衰老的一个主要组成部分，因为它能降低心血管疾病的风险。特别是内皮功能障碍，是包括高血压、动脉粥样硬化和糖尿病在内的主要心血管疾病发展的关键机制。最近，内皮衰老已成为与年龄相关的内皮功能障碍的一个关键早期事件。内皮功能的特征是血管保护机制的内皮形成之间的不平衡，包括一氧化氮（NO）的形成和内皮依赖性超极化反应，以及涉及几种促氧化酶（如NADPH氧化酶）的氧化应激水平升高，并且通常还包括环氧合酶衍生的血管收缩剂的出现。临床前研究表明，天然产物，特别是几种富含多酚的食物，可以触发内皮细胞中的激活途径，促进NO和内皮依赖性超极化的形成增加。此外，一些天然产物甚至可以对内皮衰老产生有益影响。此外，在一些心血管疾病的实验模型和患有心血管疾病的人类中，这些产物中的一些已与预防和/或改善已有的内皮功能障碍相关联。因此，摄入某些天然产物，如富含多酚的饮食和植物来源的产品，似乎是一种促进衰老过程中血管系统健康的有吸引力的方法。
