Hourihane Eoin, Hixon Katherine R
Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2024 Sep 22;9(9):574. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics9090574.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening, genetic disease that affects approximately 145,000 people worldwide. CF causes a dehydrated mucus layer in the lungs, leading to damaging infection and inflammation that eventually result in death. Nanoparticles (NPs), drug delivery vehicles intended for inhalation, have become a recent source of interest for treating CF and CF-related conditions, and many formulations have been created thus far. This paper is intended to provide an overview of CF and the effect it has on the lungs, the barriers in using NP drug delivery vehicles for treatment, and three common material class choices for these NP formulations: metals, polymers, and lipids. The materials to be discussed include gold, silver, and iron oxide metallic NPs; polyethylene glycol, chitosan, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, and alginate polymeric NPs; and lipid-based NPs. The novelty of this review comes from a less specific focus on nanoparticle examples, with the focus instead being on the general theory behind material function, why or how a material might be used, and how it may be preferable to other materials used in treating CF. Finally, this paper ends with a short discussion of the two FDA-approved NPs for treatment of CF-related conditions and a recommendation for the future usage of NPs in people with Cystic Fibrosis (pwCF).
囊性纤维化（CF）是一种缩短寿命的遗传性疾病，全球约有14.5万人受其影响。CF会导致肺部黏液层脱水，引发破坏性感染和炎症，最终导致死亡。纳米颗粒（NPs）作为用于吸入的药物递送载体，最近已成为治疗CF及CF相关病症的一个受关注的领域，到目前为止已经研发出了许多制剂。本文旨在概述CF及其对肺部的影响、使用NP药物递送载体进行治疗的障碍，以及这些NP制剂的三种常见材料类别选择：金属、聚合物和脂质。将讨论的材料包括金、银和氧化铁金属纳米颗粒；聚乙二醇、壳聚糖、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物和海藻酸盐聚合物纳米颗粒；以及脂质纳米颗粒。本综述的新颖之处在于较少具体关注纳米颗粒实例，而是侧重于材料功能背后的一般理论、一种材料为何或如何被使用，以及与用于治疗CF的其他材料相比它可能具有哪些优势。最后，本文简要讨论了两种已获美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于治疗CF相关病症的纳米颗粒，并对纳米颗粒在囊性纤维化患者（pwCF）中的未来应用提出了建议。
