Almeida-Paes Rodrigo, Bernardes-Engemann Andrea Reis, da Silva Motta Beatriz, Pizzini Claudia Vera, de Abreu Almeida Marcos, de Medeiros Muniz Mauro, Dias Renata Alves Barcelos, Zancopé-Oliveira Rosely Maria
Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Sep 22;8(10):993. doi: 10.3390/jof8100993.
The endemic mycoses blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, sporotrichosis, talaromycosis, adiaspiromycosis, and emergomycosis are mostly caused by geographically limited thermally dimorphic fungi (except for cryptococcosis), and their diagnoses can be challenging. Usual laboratory methods involved in endemic mycoses diagnosis include microscopic examination and culture of biological samples; however, serologic, histopathologic, and molecular techniques have been implemented in the last few years for the diagnosis of these mycoses since the recovery and identification of their etiologic agents is time-consuming and lacks in sensitivity. In this review, we focus on the immunologic diagnostic methods related to antibody and antigen detection since their evidence is presumptive diagnosis, and in some mycoses, such as cryptococcosis, it is definitive diagnosis.
地方性真菌病如芽生菌病、球孢子菌病、组织胞浆菌病、副球孢子菌病、隐球菌病、孢子丝菌病、马拉色菌病、阿迪拉菌病和新兴真菌病大多由地理分布有限的双相真菌引起（隐球菌病除外），其诊断可能具有挑战性。地方性真菌病诊断中常用的实验室方法包括生物样本的显微镜检查和培养；然而，由于病原体的分离和鉴定耗时且缺乏敏感性，血清学、组织病理学和分子技术在过去几年中已被用于这些真菌病的诊断。在本综述中，我们重点关注与抗体和抗原检测相关的免疫诊断方法，因为它们的证据是初步诊断，而在某些真菌病如隐球菌病中，则是确诊。
