Zhou Tong, Qiu Jun-Ming, Han Xue-Jia, Zhang Xia, Wang Pingyu, Xie Shu-Yang, Xie Ning
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong, 264003, People's Republic of China.
Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing (Yantai), Shandong, 264000, People's Republic of China.
Discov Oncol. 2024 Sep 27;15(1):500. doi: 10.1007/s12672-024-01341-1.
Small molecular RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), participate in the regulation of gene expression. As powerful regulators, miRNAs, take part in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and play important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Meanwhile, siRNA can induce sequence-specific gene silencing, thus being able to inhibit tumorigenesis by suppressing the expression of their targeted proto-oncogenes. Small RNAs (including naked miRNAs and siRNAs) are easily degraded by circulating RNAase, which can be retarded through the package of nanoparticles. Therefore, nanoparticles help tumor therapy by regulating targeted genes of small RNAs. Here, we reviewed the effects of small RNAs on gene expression; the advantages, disadvantages, and targeted modification of nanoparticles as carriers transporting small RNAs; and the application of nanocarriers delivering small RNA for cancer-targeted therapy.
小分子RNA，包括微小RNA（miRNA）和小干扰RNA（siRNA），参与基因表达的调控。作为强大的调节因子，miRNA参与基因表达的转录后调控，并在癌症的诊断和治疗中发挥重要作用。同时，siRNA可以诱导序列特异性基因沉默，从而通过抑制其靶向原癌基因的表达来抑制肿瘤发生。小RNA（包括游离的miRNA和siRNA）容易被循环中的RNA酶降解，通过纳米颗粒包裹可以延缓这种降解。因此，纳米颗粒通过调节小RNA的靶向基因来辅助肿瘤治疗。在此，我们综述了小RNA对基因表达的影响；作为运输小RNA载体的纳米颗粒的优缺点及靶向修饰；以及纳米载体递送小RNA用于癌症靶向治疗的应用。
