Anyatama Anwesha, Datta Tapasya, Dwivedi Shambhavi, Trivedi Prabodh Kumar
CSIR- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226 015, India.
CSIR- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226 015, India.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2024 Dec;82:102639. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102639. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
Plant genomes, through their evolutionary journey, have developed a complex composition that includes not only protein-coding sequences but also a significant amount of non-coding DNA, repetitive sequences, and transposable elements, traditionally labeled as "junk DNA". RNA molecules from these regions, labeled as "transcriptional junk," include non-coding RNAs, alternatively spliced transcripts, untranslated regions (UTRs), and short open reading frames (sORFs). However, recent research shows that this genetic material plays crucial roles in gene regulation, affecting plant growth, development, hormonal balance, and responses to stresses. Additionally, some of these regulatory regions encode small proteins, such as miRNA-encoded peptides (miPEPs) and microProteins (miPs), which interact with DNA or nuclear proteins, leading to chromatin remodeling and modulation of gene expression. This review aims to consolidate our understanding of the diverse roles that these so-called "transcriptional junk" regions play in regulating various physiological processes in plants.
植物基因组在其进化历程中形成了复杂的组成结构，不仅包括蛋白质编码序列，还含有大量的非编码DNA、重复序列和转座元件，传统上这些被标记为“垃圾DNA”。来自这些区域的RNA分子，被标记为“转录垃圾”，包括非编码RNA、可变剪接转录本、非翻译区（UTR）和短开放阅读框（sORF）。然而，最近的研究表明，这种遗传物质在基因调控中起着关键作用，影响植物的生长、发育、激素平衡和对胁迫的反应。此外，其中一些调控区域编码小蛋白，如miRNA编码的肽（miPEP）和微小蛋白（miP），它们与DNA或核蛋白相互作用，导致染色质重塑和基因表达的调节。这篇综述旨在巩固我们对这些所谓的“转录垃圾”区域在调节植物各种生理过程中所起的多种作用的理解。
